A History Of Our Language Essay - 1078 Words

A HISTORY OF OUR LANGUAGE nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The English Language is Rich in its history. Studying the events that formed our language is vital to understand not only why we speak the way we do, but it also enables us to understand who we are. It comprises French, Latin, German, Norse, and a few lesser known tongues. Before there was written English, our texts were primarily written in Latin, and were reserved to be read by only the Pious and Royal. We also have historical landmarks such as Stonehenge that can guide us in understanding our English heritage. The language we speak today was formed only after Centuries of fierce battling, governments being overthrown, and a period of time known as the Dark Ages. During this time,†¦show more content†¦The manuscript is a collection of historical information including descriptions of the inhabitants and invaders of Britain and provides the earliest known reference to the British king Arthur. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Sometime between 900 and 1000ad an epic known as Beowulf was written. Although the author of this work is unknown, we see that the language although primitive in its range could be manipulated by a masterful hand. And the product could be an intellectual and vivid display of the Authors’ talents. Beowulf is truly a gift when ascertaining the history of the English Language. Take for example the following line. Oft Scyld Scefing scepena preatum, Notice the first word, quot;Oft.quot; It is remarkably similar to the Modern English word often. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;After the Norman Invasion in 1066, Old English starts to shift. William the Conqueror brought great reform to England and also the French language. It was originally spoken primarily by members of Parliament and their chosen Religious leaders but when William divided the land taken from the English and gave it to his faithful Norman followers, the French language seeped into the commoners dialect. The changes that take place during this time are best reflected in Middle English. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Middle English has been dated from 1150 to 1500ad. During these years, the influence from the Norman Invasion becomes evident in both the speaking and writing of that era.Show MoreRelatedDiscuss the Roles of Language and Reason in History1695 Words   |  7 PagesTOK- Essay Question 9 â€Å"Discuss the roles of language and reasoning in history† 1451 words Nadia Lotze 000 865-015 Mr Skeoch History is the past written by the present. The very nature of this statement creates the predicament of historical knowledge. The historians of the present are under constant pressure of rapidly changing society; therefore what we discover from the past is dependent on our perceptions that are forever changing. History and historical explanations are deduced and manipulatedRead MoreLanguage Fits Over Experience Like A Straight Jacket1176 Words   |  5 Pagesnovelist William Golding once stated, â€Å"Language fits over experience like a straight-jacket.† As human beings, we feel the constant urge to express and communicate, in hopes of making sense of the world around us. However, language is limiting, restrictive, and confining. It attempts to place infinitely complex experiences into a finite number of words. The significance and essence of human experience is lost through our words, because language simply cannot express our thoughts and emotions in their truestRead More African History : African American History898 Words   |  4 PagesThe history of Africa is very complex. Europeans invaded Africa and stripped them of their culture and denied future generations their history. Despite the focus on the time of enslavement in modern history, African history expands far beyond that. African history has been consistently whitewashed and many historians have attempted to put our history in a box. In order to understand and study the African experience, one must realize that the history of Africa extends far beyond the times of enslavementRead More[Writer Name] [Supervisor Name] [Subject] [Date] History of the English Language and some of the1000 Words   |  4 Pages[Supervisor Name] [Subject] [Date] History of the English Language and some of the many Factors that have influenced its Evolution Language is surely the most influential form of communication. It is the most powerful instrument an individual can have. By definition, language is the use v oice sounds by human beings, organized in order to express and communicate thoughts and feelings. It is what has shaped our society into what it has become today, what has allowed our civilization to excel and progressRead MoreLanguage Ideologies933 Words   |  4 PagesLanguage and Perceptions and Ideologies Language is the basis by which we communicate with others and ultimately make meaning of the world we live in. It is a combination of indicators, grammatical categories and symbolic meanings we subjectively assign to what we experience and think, and thus it is a critical element in attaining new knowledge. Regardless of the society, knowledge of language is closely related to our knowledge of the world. Thus, language shapes our worldviews and perspectivesRead MoreArt and Human Nature1049 Words   |  5 Pagesthrough its history, it’s comparison to language, and its creation from humans through genetics and their tendencies. Language has always been considered a part of human nature. All culture through all ages has some manner of language. Though it changes throughout the world with over six thousand known types, the universal ability to communicate is unquestionable â€Å"Despite vocabulary and surface grammar differences †¦ languages are never mutually incommensurable †¦ This is possible because language structureRead MoreAll of the Other Ways of Knowing Are Controlled by Language. ¡Ã‚ ¨ What Does This Statement Mean and Do You Think It Is a Fair Representation of the Relationship Between Perception, Emotion, Reason and Language?1463 Words   |  6 PagesLanguage is such a universal phenomenon in human society. Whenever we write or speak, we use it; whenever we make a promise or ask a question, we use it. In the statement  ¡Ã‚ §All of the other ways of knowing are controlled by language ¡Ã‚ ¨, language is defined as  ¡Ã‚ §words ¡Ã‚ ¨ and this  ¡Ã‚ §control ¡Ã‚ ¨ can be defin ed as  ¡Ã‚ §dominate ¡Ã‚ ¨. Then this saying seems not so fair to represent the relationship between the four ways of knowing. It is more sensible to say language gives some support or limit to our reason ¡AperceptionRead MoreThe Roots Of Identity And Denial1279 Words   |  6 Pageswhich their past defines them. Identity is very important in our society, no matter your social status. I can attach identity to belonging to something or a place. As a human race, we feel the need to belong to a group or place. Because belonging to a group or place, give us the sense of identity. Countries are no exception, their course of history and culture created a unique identity for themselves. Their cultures involves; language, values, belief, religions, and norms that identify who we areRead MoreHow Native Language Influences Perception Of The World880 Words   |  4 PagesThroughout the history of the human race a multitude of different cultures have emerged all throughout the world. With these cultures has come the development of thousands of different languages, each encompassing unique characteristics, stories, ideals, and beliefs embodied by these cultures. As the world continues to be in constant change and growth, globalization has caused many of these languages to become extinct. Linguistic anthropologists are working hard to prevent this from happening anyRead MoreThe Importance Of Deaf Culture1445 Words   |  6 Pagesthe hallmarks of Deaf culture such as â€Å"language, heritage art and history†, I began wondering about how the historical significa nce of each one impacted the modern choices of Deaf individuals (Holcomb 17). Our textbook Introduction to American Deaf Culture makes references to how important American Sign Language is to define the Deaf community which leaves me wondering how strong the foundation of Deaf culture would be if based on heritage rather than on language. Being Jewish I never learned Hebrew

Poetry Anthology on John Brereton Free Essays

POETRY ASSIGNMENT ?Biography John Le Gay Brereton was born in Sydney, Australia, on the 2nd of September 1871. He was the fifth son of John Le Gay Brereton (snr), a doctor, and his wife Mary Tongue. His parents and family life impacted greatly on his view of the world, distorting it from the views of the norm of the times. We will write a custom essay sample on Poetry Anthology on John Brereton or any similar topic only for you Order Now John senior was also a poet, and published several volumes of poetry. John junior went to school at Sydney grammar school, and was just 15 when his father died in 1886. John moved on to study at the University of Sydney, and graduated with a bachelor of Arts in 1894. John was the editor of many newspapers, including his school paper, as well as the university paper: Hermes, and after 1890, John was a regular contributor to the Sydney quarterly magazine. Through his press ties, his poetry and literature became better known than that of most poets of the era. John produced his first poetry anthology in 1896, titled: the song of brotherhood and other verses. John produced another anthology in 1897 titled: sweetheart mine: lyrics of love and friendship. The year 1900 saw John marry Winifred Odd. In 1902, John returned to the university of Sydney, as the librarian’s assistant. He was known among the students and staff at the university to defy the way of the time by never wearing a top hat. In 1908, john published his 3rd volume of poetry titled: sea and sky. Another volume followed after the first world war, in 1919, titled: the Burning Marl. 2 years after releasing his fourth volume, he was appointed professor of English at the University of Sydney. John produced his final volume: Swags up! In 1928, and produced a series of autobiographical essays in 1930. In 1993 John went on holiday in Tamworth, and died there whilst still on holiday. John died friends with more widely known poets such as Henry Lawson. John’s wife and 4 children all survived him. Anthology ANZAC Within my heart I hear the cry Of loves that suffer, souls that die, And you may have no praise from me For warfare’s vast vulgarity; Only the flag of love, unfurled For peace above a weeping world, I follow, though the fiery breath Of murder shrivel me in death. Yet here I stand and bow my head To those whom other banners led, Because within their hearts the clang Of Freedom’s summoning trumpets rang, Because they welcomed grisly pain And laughed at prudence, mocked at gain, With noble hope and courage high, And taught our manhood how to die. Praise, praise and love be theirs who came From that red hell of stench and flame, Staggering, bloody, sick, but still Strong with indomitable will, Happy because, in gloomiest night, Their own hearts drummed them to the fight. I chose the poem ANZAC because of it’s descriptive language, truth, and it’s use of the harsh reality of war, while not glorifying war in any way. The Poet uses a mixture of descriptive text, rhyming words and rhythm to display his views on World War 1. His use of scary and uncomfortable words really reflect this message that war is a sick and gruesome place. Toby Hey, Toby, Toby, Toby! —Dead? The silence is a flood That closes, choking, overhead, And chills the living blood. The leaping friend, whose jolly bark Was greeting every night, No more to thrill the summer dark With welcome of delight? Beside his grave I bend the knee, And O, my eyes are dim. He hunted for the dog in me: I found the man in him. Swags Up! Swags up! and yet I turn upon the way. The yellow hill against a dapple sky, With tufts and clumps of thorn, the bush whereby All through the wonder-pregnant night I lay Until the silver stars were merged in grey Our fragrant camp, demand a parting sigh: New tracks, new camps, and hearts for ever high, Yet brief regret with every welcome day. Dear dreamy earth, receding flickering lamp, Dear dust wherein I found this night a home, Still for a memory’s sake I turn and cling, Then take the road for many a distant camp, Among what hills, by what pale whispering foam, With eager faith for ever wandering. The Patriot The patriot from his walls of brass Is singing loudly as I pass; With fearless heart and open eyes, He shouts the ancient battle cries; And, where I pause to hear him sing, A silent crowd is listening. My country, God bestows by thee The glory of the world to be The glory thou alone canst give To last amid things fugitive. My country, an ideal form I see thee splendid in the storm, Directress of the power divine That makes the expectant future thine. My country, all the world shall bow Before thy peace-conceiving brow, And all the peoples humbly stand Submissive to thy blessing hand. My country, yea, the foes who raise A tyrant flag shall learn to praise Thy steadfast love that dares to fight The horde of Satan for the right. My country, loveliest, strongest, best, Thou hast a mission to the rest, And greater wealth and love shall be The guerdon of thy ministry. In every land I hear him sing; In every land I see him fling His country’s flag against the skies And gaze aloft with dazzled eyes; And then his loud applause rings roundAnalysis of â€Å"Toby† The poem: Toby is a poem that was written about the death of John’s dog. the poem begins in the Poet’s point of view, calling out the dog’s name, and finding him and realising he is dead. The use of descriptive and cold language engages the reader, and helps us to embrace the feelings that the poet is trying to force upon us. The nature of the poem encourages readers to think back on times that we may have lost a close or loved person, and the poem is both a metaphor and true. the second paragraph of the poem is centered around the sinking in of the fact that one of his closest companions was dead, and that there was now an emptiness in his heart, and silence in the house. Toby’s bark used to fill the house of noise when ever John came home from work, but now he is greeted by an empty house, and the memory of what a great companion Toby was. John uses language and emotions to make the readers feel a touch sad, and to bring our minds into his perspective. The third paragraph of the poem takes us on an emotional roller coaster while John reminisces over what a good mate Toby was for him, his loyalty and how he was always there for John. The third paragraph ends with John coming back to reality, and remembering that Toby is no longer there to greet him after a long day’s work. The nature of the last sentence of the paragraph is almost distraught, and the readers can almost feel John’s pain through his clever use of descriptive and emotive text. The final paragraph is a sense of closure for the poem, poet and readers. John lays Toby to his final resting place, and realises that Toby was the greatest companion that he has had, and they spent their time together trying to find the similarities, even though John was a man, and Toby was a dog, and John definitely found the man in Toby, whilst Toby spent his time trying to find out how dog-like John really was. The poem ends with a sense of happiness, as the poet seems to admit to the loss of his friend, and closes with the fact that Toby really was a man, as he is caring, kind, and always there for his mates, no matter what is going on. Bibliography Poetrylibrary. edu. au Brereton, John Le Gay – Poet – Australian Poetry Library Poetrylibrary. edu. au (n. d. ) Brereton, John Le Gay – Poet – Australian Poetry Library. [online] Available at: http://www. poetrylibrary. edu. au/poets/brereton-john-le-gay [Accessed: 24 Sep 2012]. En. wikipedia. org John Le Gay Brereton – Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia En. wikipedia. org (2012) John Le Gay Brereton – Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. [online] Available at: http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/John_Le_Gay_Brereton [Accessed: 24 Sep 2012]. How to cite Poetry Anthology on John Brereton, Papers

Cambodia and United Nations Essay Example For Students

Cambodia and United Nations Essay Cambodia is a smallcountry located in Southeast Asia bordering the Gulf of Thailand. Cambodia lies between Thailand and Vietnam. It occupies a total areaof 181,040 square kilometers, and out of all of this, only 176,520 squarekilometers are on land. Cambodia has a 2,572-kilometer long landboundary and 443 kilometer coastline. Cambodia has a tropical climate like mostcountries in Southeast Asia. In this tropical climate, there is arainy, monsoon season from May to October. The dry season lasts fromDecember to March. The land terrain in Cambodia is mostly made upof low lands, flat plains, with mountains in the Southwest and north. There is a wide amount of natural resources in Cambodia. The naturalresources include, timber, gemstones, manganese, phosphates, and hydropowerpotential. The main kind of agriculture in Cambodiais subsistence farming. This is where the food you grow on your farmis for your own good. The opposite of subsistence farming is commercialfarming where big industries farm for commercial profit. The Mekongriver floods the fields in the wet season, making the land perfect forgrowing rice, which is their main cash crop. Even though they growa lot of rice, their main export is rubber, and their man import is machinery. Cambodia has a small population comparedto the many states of the United States of America. As of July 1993,Cambodia had a total population of 9,898,900. The nationality, orthe names of the people who live in Cambodia are Cambodian(s). Theprimary ethnic group that makes up 90% of the total population is Khmer. The major religion in Cambodia is Theravada Buddhism. About 95% ofthe people in Cambodia follow this religion. The official languageis Khmer, and French is the second most common language. The French colonized Cambodia for 83 years. Cambodia became independent in November 1953. This was because NorodomSihanuk led a peaceful independence movement against the French. Norodom Sihanuk was the current Prince of Cambodia at that time. Soon after this, a communist group calledthe Khmer Rouge, which was lead by Pol Pot and backed up by the Chinesestepped in. They were in charge of Cambodia for eight years. Pol Pot and the Khmer Rouge murder millions of innocent Cambodians. Their rule ended when the Vietnamese took control. The Royal Government of Cambodia administersthe government in Cambodia. There are currently two Prime Ministers,who are Hun Sen, and Ran Narit. This was because after Pol Pot wasover thrown, there was one Prime Minister, but they had conflicts overwho it was supposed to be. The UN later came in and made the twoopposing people both prime Ministers so that there would be no conflict. This started on an internationally supervisedelection in 1993. Cambodia gained its independence on November 1953. This day is its national holiday. The capital of country capitalof Cambodia is Phnom Penh. The national flag has a blue backgroundwith a temple in the middle. A picture of it is on the poster display. The economy in Cambodia is certainly notthe best in the world. It is in fact a very poor country. Cambodiaseconomy is still recovering from a sudden switch to a free-trade marketin 1990, and a cutoff in aid from former Soviet countries. The countrydoes not have that many roads bridges or powerhouses. The countryis not heavily populated within cities. About 90% of all the peoplewho live in Cambodia live on the countryside. These people are highlydependent on subsistence agriculture. The GDP per capita was $289US dollars. .uc331fee540e87afc2d20cacf3d19790a , .uc331fee540e87afc2d20cacf3d19790a .postImageUrl , .uc331fee540e87afc2d20cacf3d19790a .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uc331fee540e87afc2d20cacf3d19790a , .uc331fee540e87afc2d20cacf3d19790a:hover , .uc331fee540e87afc2d20cacf3d19790a:visited , .uc331fee540e87afc2d20cacf3d19790a:active { border:0!important; } .uc331fee540e87afc2d20cacf3d19790a .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uc331fee540e87afc2d20cacf3d19790a { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uc331fee540e87afc2d20cacf3d19790a:active , .uc331fee540e87afc2d20cacf3d19790a:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uc331fee540e87afc2d20cacf3d19790a .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uc331fee540e87afc2d20cacf3d19790a .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uc331fee540e87afc2d20cacf3d19790a .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uc331fee540e87afc2d20cacf3d19790a .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uc331fee540e87afc2d20cacf3d19790a:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uc331fee540e87afc2d20cacf3d19790a .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uc331fee540e87afc2d20cacf3d19790a .uc331fee540e87afc2d20cacf3d19790a-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uc331fee540e87afc2d20cacf3d19790a:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: A Life-Changing Event EssayThe main currency in Cambodia is the reil. The value of the real has been going down for a long time and is very unstable. For example, in 1996, 2620 real equaled one US dollar. The life expectancy of many people in Cambodiais not that high. The reason is because of many diseases, and conflicts,which lead to early deaths. In 1990 the percentage of al the peoplein Cambodia that were older than 15 was 53%. The life expectancyat Birth in 1995 was 51 years of age. Of the 9,898,900 people inCambodia, the adult literacy rate was 65.3%. Communication in Cambodia is not goodat all. There are hardly any telecommunication companies available,and international services are limited to Vietnam and other few countriesonly. Now, commuting from place to place is not as bad. Cambodiahas 612 kilometers of railroads, and 13,351 kilometers of highways. There are also 3,700 kilometers of inland waterways, and ports are availablein Phnom Penh, and Kampong Saom. Cambodia only has nine useable airports. The situation in Cambodia now is not thatgood, but a lot better than how it used to be. It has been over 20years since Vietnam soldiers ended the bloodshed caused by the Khmer Rouge. There are still many killings, which have been caused by grenades or shootingsduring public demonstrations. Recently on Easter Sunday of March30, 1997 in Phnom Penh, there were grenades thrown at a crowd during apublic demonstration, which was supposed to be headed toward Sam Rainsy. Sam Rainsy was the most visible and vocal Human Rights advocate in Cambodia. In this, Easter Sunday Massacre, there were 19 innocent people killed,and over a 100 people injured. The attempt to get Sam Rainsy failed,and all the people in Cambodia waited for the International public to helpout. There has not been much International helpin Cambodia and still the violence and economic problems continue. I seriously think that people should help more than they are doing now,and make this a big situation because many lives are at stake. Myproposal to the United Nations Economic Council is that they start donatingsome money to Cambodia to help out their economy. By building uptheir economy they can use their money to build schools, hospitals, andmore roads. By having educated people, more people could go and getjobs and strengthen the economy even more. My second proposal is towards the HumanRights Council of the United Nations. The Human Rights Council shouldsend food and medical aid to Cambodia. They should and could do thisuntil the economy of Cambodia gets better and good enough to support itsown people. My third proposal to the United Nationsis towards the Security Council. With a lot of violence going onin Cambodia, there needs to be some authority that can take control. The Security Council should send down troops to stop the violence and keepa sort of peace in Cambodia. Truly I think that Cambodia is a nice country,but a nice country with many problems. These problems can of coursebe fixed with a lot of help, which the United Nations can help them with. We will just have to wait and see how Cambodia shapes up.

Physical activity for children free essay sample

Physical Activity for Children This essay will explore the areas of children’s development. The age groups which will be discussed within it are children from the ages of two too six years of age and children from the age of six too eleven years of age. The areas of development which will be covered are physical, intellectual, skill and psychological. The author will then conclude by making reference to the effect on physical activity for children and why it can influence them for the rest of their lives. Physical development Children between two and six years have slow and steady gains in height and weight, especially in the legs which account for 66% of their total increase in height. Females tend to have growth spurts two years before males, but when males have spurts they have them for a longer period of time developing heavier bones and stringier muscles as well. We will write a custom essay sample on Physical activity for children or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Between the ages of six and eleven the average children’s legs continue to grow very quickly while the head will be disproportionately large, the bones also tend to increase in length and density, gradually as they grow towards adolescence. Intellectual development Children between the ages of two and six years tend to be egocentric and selfish and don’t consider other people’s feelings. They also tend to do something quickly even if it involves hurting another child’s feelings, they will not consider the consequences until after they have done it. At this age children also find it difficult to learn from experience so they could make the same mistakes over and over again. Time and place could also be a confusion at this age and not having a complete understanding of your surroundings. From the ages of six to eleven the child can start to learn from experience although, they still have a tendency to do something without thinking about it. When the child reaches about seven or eight years they will start to understand that time goes by at a uniform speed and can perhaps arrange plans from day to day, but the past and the future still remain a mystery to them. Skill development Skill development in a child between the age of two and six is very basic, the early on stage of the physical development, This is when they will be learning skills like running, jumping, balancing and throwing. Girls tend to have more skill when it comes to co-ordination, things like hopping and skipping but boys are usually better when it comes to running, jumping or throwing, which is why boys mostly play sports like football and rugby and girls are mostly into gymnastics and dancing. From the ages of six to eleven years children’s ball skills can also be developed, this could involve dribbling the ball using their feet or catching it with their hands. It is in this age group that the child will play different kinds of sports and will eventually decide what sport they are suited to. Psychological development The psychological development in a child between two and six years old includes them imitating other children, if another child does something they will feel that they have to do it as well. Other children also start to become more important to them as they will form groups, they will also compare each mostly to see who the best is. They also still have to be told what to do at this age. From the age of six to eleven friends start to become a lot more important and can play a crucial role within their lives influencing their attitudes, beliefs and behaviour, they may also want to take part in a certain sport or activity just because their friend does it. In this age group they will also start listening to other people’s points of view and decide whether they agree with it or not. They will also start to understand working as part of a team and how it is important when difficult situations may occur within their life. Douglas P (2013) states that â€Å"exercise is paramount in the development of today’s children† This true statement emphasises that children can use physical activity to develop each of the areas, physical, intellectual, physiological and skill level, giving them a better way of life. This will also keep them fit and healthy decreasing the risk of things like illnesses or obesity.

In the years 1603 25, the King was a tyrant who did not listen to the people and had no respect for the law Essays

In the years 1603 25, the King was a tyrant who did not listen to the people and had no respect for the law Essays In the years 1603 25, the King was a tyrant who did not listen to the people and had no respect for the law Paper In the years 1603 25, the King was a tyrant who did not listen to the people and had no respect for the law Paper Essay Topic: History The year in which King James VI of Scotland came to the English throne was a great time of upheaval. The much loved Queen Elizabeth, who had been the monarch over such victories as the Spanish Armada, was dead, leaving no direct successor, only her second cousin from Scotland who was a rough-mannered, coarse, paranoid Scot, with a Calvinistic upbringing. Despite the vast differences between the Scottish and English Courts, James still managed to rule the country reasonably well and with a degree of stability, up to his death in 1625. Many historians have placed blame of the persecutions of Catholics on James shoulders, thus labeling him a tyrant. However, this is not entirely true, as most of the persecution that took place wasnt due to orders from James, but under a law passed in Queen Elizabeths reign, called the Act of Uniformity. Under this act, all were required to attend Church, with a shilling fine if you refused. This was to discourage recusants. However in conjunction with this act, was the Act of Supremacy, which required all judges, Members of Government, Justice of Peace, and mayors to take an oath approving the Royal supremacy. This meant they declared that the monarch was the supreme governor of the church. Those that refused to do so three times were executed. This ruling carried on, well into Jamess reign. This meant that for any Catholics who refused to take the oath, they would be executed. Another fact to consider is that James had lead a very paranoid childhood, ripe with assassination attempts, and family intrigue. As such he was very wary of people in general and in particular the Catholics. This paranoia increased after the gunpowder plot of 1605, although there are suspicions that it was all planned by James himself, to increase his popularity, and decrease Catholic sympathy. James should not be blamed for the persecution of the Catholics, as although he disliked them, he also disliked the puritans. The puritans didnt endure any major injustices as they were strictly Protestant. James disliked the extremities of their faith immensely, but they were not persecuted. Therefore it is possible that any persecution of Catholics that took place during his reign, were not under Jamess orders but someone else, such as Robert Cecil, who was a firm Protestant with very anti-Catholic views. James was also called a tyrant, because his coarse Scottish upbringing did not fit in well with the English Aristocracy. He was unkempt, brash, and tactless. Ideal for the boisterous violent Scottish court, but unheard of across the border. Thomas Macauly said of him: [he was prone to] stammering, slobbering, shedding unmanly tears, trembling at a drawn sword, and talking in a style alternatively of a buffoon and a pedagogue. The stammering and slobbering were most likely due to the fact he had a huge tongue and badly deformed mouth (due to the years of inbreeding between the many monarchies of Europe). He had been incredibly well educated for royalty of those times, and was fluent in several languages, but still spoke as a simple man in his court. Most of the descriptions of James come from Sir Anthony Weldon, who was a civil servant of the time. He disliked some of Jamess views on the Catholic situation, and so effectively badmouthed him in his writings The Court and Character of King James. This is one of the few texts that remain from that era, so is a frequently used source about James by historians studying that period. However it is not very pleasant, and offers an anti-James view, leaving us with no other source of contradiction. It is true that, under Jamess reign, the poor remained as hungry and insignificant as they had ever been. James has been accused of not listening to the people, and while this is true of the 95% of the population, he listened to the remaining 5% who were the landed aristocracy. These were the people with power, and therefore the ones worth listening to. And while sessions of parliament were irregular and often only for one purpose such as approval of money, James instead used the opportunities of the Royal court to stay in touch with the differing political opinions of the time. This meant that those in court could not speak freely of their opinions of James himself, to the same extent that they could in parliament, because they didnt have the luxury of certain rights (freedom of speech, freedom from arrest etc.) This prevented James from getting a clear idea of the political opinions about himself, so to ensure peoples loyalty he gave rewards such as cash, lands and titles. This was not a complete success however as the Ambassador of Venice stated in 1607: [James did not] Caress the people nor make them that good cheer the late queen did whereby she won their loves. James was often compared to his predecessor, Elizabeth, as many of the political standings and foreign situations were similar for both monarchs. However, he also failed to live up to these comparisons, as Elizabeth was both a popular queen and one who governed of periods of great change and discovery. That is not to say that Jamess reign was without success. He governed over the first settlements of what was to become the United States of America, delayed open war both with other countries, and within itself. But although James was a successful monarch in these respects, he did not have the same charisma as the previous monarch. It is because of this that had handed out gifts so frivolously, hoping to gain favor with the court, but instead decreasing the worth of the titles and draining his already debt-ridden finances. James has been said to have no respect for the law. James believed in the Divine right of Kings, which meant that he derived his royal powers and prerogatives directly from God, therefore he was answerable to God and God alone. He was: . above the law as both the author and giver of strength thereto, yet a good king will not only delight to rule his subjects by the law, but even will conform himself thereunto; always keeping the ground that the health of the commonwealth be his chief law. This was a tract written by James and published anonymously five years before he became king of England. It displays his arrogance of being above the law, but also contains a condition that even though the king is above the law, if he is a good king, he will follow the laws he sets himself. This displays that even before he was James I of England, as James VI of Scotland he respected the laws that he set himself. He also wrote extensively about how a king should act in his book Basilcon Doron, setting guidelines down for his son. Another argument against James is that on his journey down from Scotland to be crowned in London, he stopped in the town of Newark. He was witness to a pickpocket being caught and ordered that the punishment be hanging. The obedient councilors did as James said, and after the deed had been done told him that in England the king did not have the power to put someone to death without a trial. This is not a case of James having no respect for the law, simply a case of not knowing the differences between the English and Scottish systems. In conclusion, James was an adequate and fairly successful king. He was not the tyrant sometimes described, and listened to the people that mattered at the time, the landed aristocracy. Although he did not charm them the way the former queen did, he managed to keep them satisfied by gifts and rewards for loyalty at the expense of his own pocket. And he respected the law as much as was possible to, by following the guidelines he set himself.

Psychological profile on Hannibal lector and Buffalo Bill Essay

Psychological profile on Hannibal lector and Buffalo Bill - Essay Example Nevertheless, based on first hand information gathered by the authors biographer David Sexton, it is learnt that the character of Hannibal Lecter was based on that of William Coyne, a notorious serial killer who terrorized American society in the 1930s. In this context, one can claim that Lecters profile belongs to the Psychopath category. This assessment also makes sense when one considers the childhood history of Lecter. It should be noted that the novel The Silence of the Lambs does not delve into his childhood history. It is the fourth and fifth books of the sequel, namely Hannibal and Hannibal Rising, that provide greater detail about his early life. Nevertheless, since the underlying theme and the authorship of all these books are the same, one can arrive at the approximate profile of Lecter by cross referencing material from these novels and films. Although the brilliance of his mind was evident from the beginning and something that he was born with, his anti-social tendencies developed as a result of severely traumatic experiences in the past. In his early years in Lithuania, he witnessed the traumatic death and consumption of his sister Mischa, whom he had loved very much. This incident had left profound would on his psyche, which would turn him into a remorseless, cannibalistic psychopath. The adage â€Å"take the help of a thief to catch a thief† fits so aptly in the case of psychopaths as well. In the movie The Silence of the Lambs, Clarice Starling, a rookie FBI trainee, takes the help of Hannibal Lecter, who is in police custody, to identify and track down another serial killer with the name â€Å"Buffalo Bill†. While both Lecter and Buffalo Bill are psychopathic serial killers, the latter seems to be more indiscriminate and brutal in performing his crimes. The other distinction between the two is that Buffalo Bill is not shown to be cannibalistic, but Lecter clearly is. Buffalo Bill, whose real name is Jame

Cubist movement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Cubist movement - Essay Example This â€Å"something that can be conceived but not seen nor made visible† is often referred to as the sublime, a quality of transcendent greatness â€Å"with which nothing else can be compared and which is beyond all possibility of calculation, measurement or imitation† (Wikipedia, 2006). The presence of this sublime element, then, inspires the imagination in a specific direction based on which elements remain visible or understandable. Its significance is in the way in which it brings attention to the uncertainty of meaning inherent in the work, such that no resolution makes itself apparent. For artists of this period, the best way to achieve this sublime element was to forget the training they received in art school in order to recapture the sense of wonder and imagination reflected in art produced by children through the use of ‘primitive’ geometric forms. To understand how the sublime can be communicated through visual art, the work of cubist master Pab lo Picasso will be discussed in terms of materials, subject matter, content, composition, color and impacts of context or the time period in which they were produced. The cubist movement is now widely recognized as an early phase of the avant-garde. Author Peter Wollen recognized it in 1975 as a means of breaking the boundaries of traditional signifiers and make reference instead to the relationship between the signifier and the signified (Wollen, 1975). As this idea expanded, the traditional approach to art of making reference to an established set of symbols was further broken down and explored through abstraction and minimalism. The ultimate breaking down of this was the examination of how the art medium was able to communicate a world of transition and change, reality and illusion within the very context of its delivery. â€Å"What soon emerged as the dominant strand was