The Utilization Of Terroristic Tactics - 1027 Words

Terrorism, within modern society, has become a common strategy employed by various radical groups throughout the world. The utilization of terroristic tactics originated in Russia during the 19th century as a response to an autocratic Russian system that was believed to be well overdue for refinement. During this time, terrorism remained within its place of origin and was a carefully directed phenomenon. Thus, most acts of terror were aimed at specified targets who were chosen systematically, ensuring the message being conveyed was clear and no harm occurred to civilians. With the progression of society, terrorism has evolved into a more horrific strategy. Evolving from a once directed phenomenon to an increasingly unsystematic style of attack, that can occur anywhere at anytime. This change has caused many to believe that terrorism itself is a mindless act that serves no purpose other than to instill fear within society. This assumption is partially correct, but contrary to popular belief the use of terrorism by radical groups does serve a purpose. By instilling fear within society through violent acts, terrorists attempt to usher change. This is because â€Å"Terrorism is based on the idea that the kind of change desired can be achieved only with violence† . With this belief, many radical organizations choose to utilize terrorism as a tool to cause change, as they believe it is the only way to bring about change. Another effect of this belief is radical groups are

Technology and Education Essay - 1107 Words

Technology and Education Webster’s New World Dictionary defines technology as the science of the practical or industrial arts. In the context of using technology in schools this generally refers to the use of computers and computer technology as tools and aids to help teachers teach and students learn. What technology is has changed significantly over the years. In the early 1800’s the chalkboard was new technology in schools. For today’s new technology we have interactive multimedia presentations. Today’s teacher faces the same dilemma as the teacher at the turn of the nineteenth century; what do I do with the new technology? How can technology increase learning? One way that technology can help to students learn is that it†¦show more content†¦There are many different technological tools available to help disabled students be involved and interact in the classroom, as well as learn at their own pace using computer assistance tools. These tools help the teacher by making it easier to communicate with the student and help the student by helping them fit in and learn at a similar pace as the rest of the class. What types of technology are available to teachers? The technology available to teachers varies greatly from one school district to another. This is one area where the amount of funding available has an enormous impact. In poorly funded school districts the teachers and students may be lucky to have a personal computer available that is connected to the Internet. On the other hand, private schools or school systems located in affluent areas may have Internet connected personal computers for each teacher and student. Ideally, all teachers and students would have available all of the technological tools that they need to prepare them for the future. Teachers have several tools available to help them do their job more efficiently. They can use tools from simple spreadsheets to complex databases to track and help evaluate student performance. These tools can make it easier for teachers to spot students who need more personal attention or who may be candidates for acceleration. Any toolShow MoreRelatedEducation And Technology : Technology And Education946 Words   |  4 PagesEducation and Technology Technology has become a major component in the system of education. Technology and education in the U.S. has changed the way people learn nowadays. Being on the 21st century the lives of people have changed immensely due to a high increase in technology inventions. Communication definitely has evolved in so many ways with the newer technology being used. In the 1980’s an enthusiast named Seymour Papert predicted that computers would allow learners to construct and test hypothesisRead MoreTechnology : Technology And Education1702 Words   |  7 PagesTechnology and Education In today’s society, technology has become the world. Technology is shaping the world and many people are using it for its convenience. Technology has changed tremendously that it is now being incorporated into the educational system. Heidi Hayes Jacobs, an author and world renowned education leader stated that, â€Å"Teachers need to integrate technology seamlessly into the curriculum instead of viewing it as an add-on, an afterthought, or an event†. Technology should help enhanceRead MoreTechnology in Education690 Words   |  3 Pagescontroversial issues of education in the 21st century is technology. Educators and parents across the nation debate whether to let technology into classrooms. And if so, how? Technology should be introduced into education through the program most commonly referred to as BYOD (Bring Your Own Device). The idea of BYOD is to have students bring their own phones, tablets and computers to school. Technology is a much more engaging, and educa tional than standard supplies. Mobile technology exists all aroundRead MoreTechnology In Education825 Words   |  4 Pages Technology has revolutionized the human experience by changing the way one learns. Technology can best be defined as a tool that supports and promotes human learning. This can be seen through the usage of calculators, tablets (example: iPad), Smart Boards, video cameras, and, of course, the computer. These are all innovations that can have a profound impact on classroom learning. Although there are some schools that have a strict policy that technology should be removed from the modern day classroomRead MoreTechnology In Education1406 Words   |  6 PagesTechnology is such an intrinsic part of everyday life that it would be difficult to imagine society with it. In many ways, the prevalence of technology in environments such as homes, offices, hospitals, labs, and ________ is one of the defining aspects of the current, modern era. The frequent users of technological appliances would state t hat they make life easier, with the gadgets’ ability to process information quickly and present it in several acceptable formats. With all these benefits, it wouldRead MoreOn Education and Education Technology Essay1496 Words   |  6 Pagestheir professors. Some of this online education software also allows for additional collaboration and learning tools. eLearning software is becoming increasingly important, and is nearly essential for modern education in the digital age. However, this technology is largely unrefined and as such, has problems; problems that can be overcome. Since the popularity and ubiquity of the internet, eLearning software has become relatively commonplace in the education world. An eLearning platform can be foundRead MoreThe Impact Of Technology On Education And Education Essay1317 Words   |  6 Pages Education has evolved tremendously over the past centuries. From one room school houses, segregated schools, to public and private schools, forms of education and how we receive it are always changing. In the past decade, technology has become a large part of education and schooling. Views on types of schooling and education are changing rapidly. Videos and articles can be found all over the Internet on basically any subject you can think of. Much of today’s schooling is done through online classesRead MoreTechnology Benefits Education : Technology2523 Words   |  11 PagesRyan James English 2/3/2015 Senior Paper Technology Benefits Education Technology is on the rise, as technology increases in the world and becomes the most used element students are still told to use the old style of learning. As a student myself technology would have been extremely beneficial to us as students making reports, essays, projects, and etc much easier. Students of the twenty-first century have the capability to use such technology, making schooling and learning a much more enjoyableRead MoreThe Impact Of Technology On Education And Education1820 Words   |  8 PagesMay, 2017. The Benefits of Technology in Education According to Thomas Jefferson, â€Å"If the children are untaught, their ignorance and vices will in future life cost us much dearer in their consequences than it would have done in their correction by a good education†(Vasudeva).Technology has impacted every aspect of most people’s life and education is no exception (Purdue). The education process has evolved as more people make use of technological devices and so education no longer starts or ends inRead MoreModern Technology And Education : Education2041 Words   |  9 PagesModern Technology and Education Education has changed significantly in the last twenty years. One of the main reasons education has undergone so many changes is because of technological development. In today’s society the impact of technology on education has played a vital role in every realm of everyday life and with that education is no exception. The emergence of technology has had a profound impacted to the educational landscape in our society. Over the past few years there has been a lot

Prohibition of Torture and Exclusion of Illegally Obtained Evidence free essay sample

On 2009, the Executive Director of the Asia Program at Human Rights Watch, says: â€Å"The criminal justice system remains plagued by forced confessions and torture†¦[2] However, it must be recognized that since 1979, when the former criminal procedure law was adopted, until the 2010’ exclusionary rules of illegally obtained evidence, and even more recently the draft of the Amendments to the Criminal Procedure Law of the People’s Republic of China, China has been taking steps to major reforms[3]. As some scholars stated, China’s legal system is a work in progress, and the purpose of this paper is to see how that progress is taking place with respect of prohibition of torture. In terms of law reforms, there have been major changes. For instance, in 1997 the shelter and investigation† was abolished. [4] Later on, in 2010, the exclusionary rules were enacted prohibiting the use of torture. However, the issue at stake is whether or not those laws have actually been implemented. We will write a custom essay sample on Prohibition of Torture and Exclusion of Illegally Obtained Evidence or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In 2010, in Henan province, Zhao Zuohai was released after spending eleven years in prison for a crime he didn’t commit; but was tortured and forced to self incriminate for. The guy he supposedly killed reappeared alive and the Government gave Zhao $96 000 as compensation. [5] Could that money compensate the torture he suffered and the fact that now his wife got remarried and his kids were adopted by the new husband? 6] On June this year, a draft of the amendments of the Criminal Procedural Law was submitted to the 11th National Peoples Congress (NPC) Standing Committee. In relation with the prohibition of torture and the exclusion of illegally obtained evidence, it states that: evidences and confessions collected by torture, violence, and threats should not be accepted. [7] Procuratorial organs should investigate allegations of collecting evidence through illegal methods,[8] â€Å"Interrogators suspected to have collected confessions or evidence through illegal methods shoul d be criminally prosecuted. †[9] It also states that: â€Å"all interrogations of suspects should be conducted in detention houses and the entire interrogation should be videotaped for the most serious criminal cases, according to the draft amendment. †[10] This essay analyzes the path that China is taking in order to prohibit torture and to exclude illegally obtained evidence. The first part will bring a definition of torture as well as a description of torture and punishment in imperial China. The second part will analyze the current law and the draft of the Amendments of the Criminal Procedural Law with respect of torture. Third part describes a case of torture took place in China. Finally, some conclusions and recommendations will be given. 1. Definition of torture Article 1 of the Convention Against Torture (CAT) defines torture as: â€Å"Any act by which severe pain or suffering, whether physical or mental, is intentionally inflicted on a person for such purposes as obtaining from him or a third person, information or a confession, punishing him for an act he or a third person has committed or is suspected of having committed, or intimidating or coercing him or a third person, or for any reason based on discrimination of any kind, when such pain or suffering is inflicted by or at the instigation of or with the consent or acquiescence of a public official or other person acting in an official capacity. It does not include pain or suffering arising only from, inherent in or incidental to lawful sanctions. †[11] According to this definition torture enclosures not only acts of confessions, but also punishment and discrimination. According to the China Society for Human Rights Studies (CSHRS) torture is a serious violation of basic human rights and human being dignity which is intolerable under modern civilization and rule of law. [12] 2. Background: Brief historical analysis of how torture was developed in China before 1979 It can be said that the use of torture in recent times reflects in certain way the vision of the past times. On the other hand, the major changes shows an intention of depart from those imperial practices. [13] Mainly, two schools of thought have influenced today’s Chinese legal setting on punishment and torture: Confucianism and Legalism. Both of them, although with a different point of view came to the conclusion that punishment is an acceptable and in fact indispensable human institution. [14] For Confucius, the ruler must govern with â€Å"li†(rites) (modes of behavior) rather than governing in accordance with positive law and the threat of punishment. 15] According to him, the effect of punishment on society is negative and people will try to elude the rules and deceive the ruler. However, Confucius stated that punishments can be applied as a last resort when extraordinary circumstances occur. He recognized that there are some â€Å"evildoers† who cannot be affected by moral instruction and the only way to induce such persons to observe †li† is through punishment. So, punishment is appropriate for the correction of the incorrigible. [16] However, punishment has to be exactly right. Punishment can never be just, they can only be right.

The Role of Communication in the Relationships

The way people communicate is extremely important, especially in a marriage, as individuals can get lost in the routine and daily responsibilities. An article â€Å"Can we talk? Researcher talks about the role of communication in happy marriages† examines the issue of what happens to couples and how to avoid the distancing that takes over the relationship.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Role of Communication in the Relationships specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More One of the most problematic areas for married couples is the content of their conversation. It must be centered on their individuality and personal problems. People must look deeper, past the surface of the daily duties that involve children, family matters and work. They must disclose personal information and this will lead to proper communication and understanding. It is very possible to relate to the article and advice given because in the m odern world, people often get preoccupied with the fast pace that is required by their work, responsibilities and necessities of life (Sole, 2011). From a personal point of view, there have been several times when a situation did not get resolved due to a simple misunderstanding. For example, a choice of restaurant was offered and a person who offered the type of restaurant did not really see the difference between many kinds of places. Their partner did not want to offend their choice and so, had to go with the offered location. Once there, the setting was not very well established and the couple had a mediocre experience. Once they got home, it turned into a minor argument where one was displeased with the place and was asking for the reasons of such a poor selection. The person who offered that specific restaurant did not really care for the setting and so, this situation could have been avoided if both expressed their attitude towards the location. If the person displeased with the setting had honestly admitted about their dislike, a different selection of the restaurant could have been made. This shows how important it is to express personal feelings. Even if there is a possibility that a person might get slightly offended, it is better to try to do it in the most kind and respectful way, as to explain own reasons and state why they do not prefer a certain choice. This would help avoid a much greater conflict and argument. Self disclosure is very important in a relationship because it allows people to express their inner emotions and likes, which will help people to get to know each other better.Advertising Looking for essay on communication strategies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Also, it will aid individuals to adjust to the interests and be able to predict what can and cannot be done in a certain situation. The similarities between genders are very obvious. Both men and women appreciate affec tion and honesty. Attention that is paid to details goes a long way and helps find a common ground. Both males and females have specific taste preferences for food and favorite drinks. The amount of common likes and dislikes is enormous but most of all, both genders need and look for love and understanding from their partner. Generalizations in relation to communication are common for all. People should involve themselves in conversations more, as well as personal sharing (Schoenberg, 2011). The human ability to transfer understanding and ideas to others is extremely important, especially in marriage and any other relationship. People should engage each other to share and relate to common interests and themes. References Schoenberg, N. (2011). Can we talk? Researcher talks about the role of communication in happy marriages. Washington, United States: McClatchy – Tribune News Service. Sole, K. (2011).Making connections: Understanding interpersonal communication. San Diego, Uni ted States: Bridgepoint Education, Inc This essay on The Role of Communication in the Relationships was written and submitted by user Bree Harmon to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Eat carbohydrates Essays

Eat carbohydrates Essays Eat carbohydrates Essay Eat carbohydrates Essay Name: Instructor: Course: Date: Eat carbohydrates Part 1: Misspelled words The essay makes use of informal languages such as â€Å"carbs† that was repeated numerous times. The spelling of other technical terms such as â€Å"Saccharide† and â€Å"oligosaccharides† Part 2: Grammatical Errors The essay has many wordiness mistakes. This is especially common where the vocabulary is not known for example â€Å"†¦There are so many people that are health conscious these days† instead of saying â€Å"†¦there are many health conscious people†. The essay also has many sentences starting with the word â€Å"but†. The rest of the document also needed to be proofread for possible typing errors. The mixture of tenses was another issue. The writer also confused the first person and third person perspective. Part 3: Organizational suggestions The paper is very disorganized and uncategorized. The essay needs to be organized into distinct parts for example the introduction, body and conclusion. Part 4: Other Constructive Criticism Academic papers require the use of formal language. To that extent, slang, abbreviations and corruption of words is not allowed as they give the essay an unprofessional impression.

Recommendation Letter Manager for Part-Time Employee

Recommendation Letter Manager for Part-Time Employee SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Not all of the candidates asking for a recommendation letter are full-time or long-term employees. Even if you're writing for a part-time or temporary worker, you can still give great insight into his work performance and strengths. In the sample letter below, a restaurant manager recommends a server who worked during summers off from college. The candidate's looking to move into his first full-time job after graduation. Read on to learn what this restaurant manager has to say. Sample Letter #3: Written by a Manager for a Part-Time Employee Ms. Talia RichardsonRestaurant ManagerTapea Restaurant Group56 Main St.Centreville, VA 20122 Dear Ms. Richardson, It’s my pleasure to provide this letter of recommendation for Charlie, who worked as a server at Solera Restaurant for the past two summers. As Charlie’s direct manager who worked closely with him throughout his time here, I was impressed with his work ethic, friendly personality, and ability to work well under pressure. As he graduates from Johnson Wales with a degree in Hospitality Management, I’m confident that he has the skills to do well as an Assistant Restaurant Manager with Tapea Restaurant Group. As a server at Solera, Charlie demonstrated superlative customer service. Our clientele is a mix of long-term patrons and visiting tourists, and Charlie was personable and professional toward all. Even when things got hectic during peak business hours, Charlie kept up his energy level and attention to detail. I recall one instance when the kitchen was backed up and a table complained about how long they had to wait for their food. Charlie listened to their concerns and offered them free desserts to ensure that they left feeling positive about their dining experience. Charlie is thorough, friendly, and helpful, all qualities that made him an excellent addition to our staff. To learn more about hospitality management, Charlie set up meetings with me throughout the summer to discuss my responsibilities as Restaurant Manager. We talked about staff training and supervision, budget management, licensing, safety guidelines, administrative records, and business promotion, among other key parts of the job. Charlie brought a lot of knowledge to the table and quickly picked up new tricks of the trade. Between his classes at Johnson Wales and practical experiences, he has a clear sense of the responsibilities of managing a restaurant. Last summer, Charlie went above and beyond the call of duty to help us host large functions. In particular, he assisted in planning a graduation party for over 60 people and a bat mitzvah for 75. Charlie gave his input on menus and assistance in ordering supplies and overseeing stock levels before the events. Charlie also worked as a server, handling a large volume of requests during a precisely timed event. He proved himself to be a key asset in planning the functions and making sure everything ran smoothly. If we had any assistant managerial positions available at Solera, Charlie would be the first person I would call. Charlie has my highest recommendation for the position of Assistant Restaurant Manager. He consistently impressed me and the rest of the staff with his work ethic, customer service, and burgeoning managerial skills. Please don’t hesitate to contact me for any further information. Thank you for your time. Sincerely, Janet ChildRestaurant ManagerSolera Restaurantjchild@solera.com(866) 811-5546 Want to provide a strong recommendation for your employee, but don't have the time to craft the perfect letter? PrepScholar's new recommendation tool, SimpleRec, takes you from good intentions and a blank page to a fully written and formatted letter of recommendation in under 5 minutes. All you need to do is give us some simple pieces of information about your employee and your experience working with them, and we'll do the rest. Try out SimpleRec risk-free today: Will this recommendation letter help Charlie line up a job for after graduation? Recommendation Letter #3: The Breakdown This letter represents one written by a manager for a part-time employee. In this case, the part-time employee is about to graduate from college and is applying for his first position in his chosen field. The recommendation letter plays an important role, therefore, in showing that he’s ready to take on this new job. As a restaurant manager herself, Janet Child is a great source for Charlie’s recommendation letter. She starts by describing his customer service skills as a server at Solera. Then she focuses on the ways in which he’s qualified to become an Assistant Restaurant Manager. Janet describes how Charlie furthered his education by meeting with her to learn about the responsibilities in restaurant management. She also discusses his behind-the-scenes help in planning and hosting large functions, a responsibility that he would have to take on as Assistant Manager with Tapea. Janet uses highly positive language, as well as specific examples, to demonstrate Charlie’s skills in the field of hospitality management. She makes her recommendation letter especially strong by stating that she would hire him herself if Solera had any positions available. Her letter will certainly be a boon to Charlie’s application as his reviewers determine whether or not he’s ready to step into the position of Assistant Restaurant Manager. What's Next? Are you ready for another sample recommendation letter? Click here to read a manager's reference letter for a freelance web designer! Are you looking for our full guide on recommendation letters? Check out our reference letter guide to learn about what goes into a good letter and find eight more samples. Want to provide a strong recommendation for your employee, but don't have the time to craft the perfect letter? PrepScholar's new recommendation tool, SimpleRec, takes you from good intentions and a blank page to a fully written and formatted letter of recommendation in under 5 minutes. All you need to do is give us some simple pieces of information about your employee and your experience working with them, and we'll do the rest. Try out SimpleRec risk-free today:

How did the Revolution in Tunisia lead to all other Revolutions in the Personal Statement

How did the Revolution in Tunisia lead to all other Revolutions in the Middle East - Personal Statement Example What was the history of the region? Tunisia is the northernmost Maghreb country in Africa and borders Libya to the southeast, and the Mediterranean Sea to the north and east. It measures 165,000 km ² in area with an estimated population of about 10.3 million. It has a coastline measuring 1,300 km in length, harbors the Sahara desert in the south with the rest consisting of particularly fertile soil. The authoritative Ben Ali was the president of the Republic of Tunisia from 7 November 1987 up to the rise of the jasmine revolution in Tunisia (Carvin Web). He was authoritative, undemocratic and did not observe international standards of human and political rights. There were poor living conditions, rampant unemployment, and corruption in Tunisia prior to the revolution. In fact, thousands of young people from North Africa would enter Europe illegally to look for a better life. How did the Middle East divide into separate countries after world war one? After World War 1, many countries gained boundaries, others lost, yet others were unchanged. In the Middle East, Lebanon separated from Syria in a treaty signed in 1936. This was because of rising trade and education connections between Lebanon and Europe, and the large Christian population of Lebanon (Skahill 40-41). The population of Lebanon was either wealthy or very poor. The Middle East countries include Bahrain, Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Iraq, Iran, Palestine, Jordan, Lebanon, Kuwait, Morocco, Oman, Palestine, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Syria, Tunisia, Turkey, UAE, and Yemen. What is revolution? The self-burning of Al Bouazizi who was a poor, young, and educated Tunisian who lacked employment was the beginning of expressing the injustices in the Ali regime (CNN Web). Revolutions are facts because they relate production and political power. When the oppressed majority refuses to be intimidated and recognize the fundamental weakness of their oppressors, they embrace redemption and act. They organize and

Strategy briefing paper regarding the strategic issue Essay

Strategy briefing paper regarding the strategic issue - Essay Example So the handsets manufactured must have facilities that support internet surfing (Grant, 2010, p. 72). The major players in the handset business are Samsung and Apple which have captured a huge amount of market. The brands have considerable acceptability throughout the world. Not only that these brands are constantly in the process of providing the customers with the most updated products making the handset experience as pleasant as possible. There are several booming economies like China, Latin America and India which these companies have targeted and for this these brands had to take very intense pricing strategies. These companies have a very wide acceptability in these economies. The introduction of the 3G in the mobile network has resulted in making the telecommunications faster (Johnson, Whittington and Scholes, 2011, p. 23). Apple and Samsung have remained the market leader in the 3G technology. Nokia has lagged behind in this segment. The design innovation in case of Samsung and Apple are much better .Hence these handsets have better acceptability among the customers. The ope rating system that Nokia initially used has very low acceptability and therefore most of the buyers have switched to the Android Model. Thus it is essential for Nokia to upgrade itself to the Windows operating system to get the acceptability in the market. After the acquisition of the company by the software giant Microsoft the company can explore a lot of opportunities in which Nokia should be following the strategies taken by Apple (Wingfield, 2013, p. 12). Nokia would be able to use the advanced operating system of Microsoft. The company can use the technological research and developments made by Microsoft to enhance the features of the Nokia handset. The software giant Microsoft would be able to market the products of Nokia in a better way. This is because Microsoft has a very wide network and the distribution channels and

Gulliver Travel Theme Essay Example for Free

Gulliver Travel Theme Essay Might vs. Right In Jonathon Swift’s Gulliver’s Travel there are many characters who have power over others, some of these characters abuse it other characters do not. Swift gives many details and examples of how the character uses or abuses his or her power. Swift relates many of his characters to real life people of his time The first occurrence of this theme happens when Gulliver washes up on the island of the Lulliputains after his boat was capsized by a huge storm. Gulliver awakens to his arm, legs, and body tied down and is unable to move. He is surrounded by a abundance of miniature like people. Though Gulliver showed no sign of aggression the Lulliputains, despite their small size, still took full advantage over Gulliver and attack him with arrows. The emperor who rules Luptin thinks he can control Gulliver and has him chained and guarded by soldiers. â€Å"The emperor is both a satire of the autocratic ruler and a strangely serious portrait of political power. †(Sparknotes. com). Swift uses The Emperor to represent King George I. Just like King George, The Emperor abuses his power and hires his ministers on how well he likes them rather then their suitability, wisdom, or virtue. The Emperor of Luptin also loves war and wants to use Gulliver’s size to enslave the neighboring island Blefuscu. Although Gulliver refuses to do so, this can be compared to King George I war on Spanish Succession. The Brobdingnagians could dominate with their superior size if they wished but for the must part they do not. Gulliver is taken by a farmer when he lands on the island of Brobdingnag who Gulliver estimates is around seventeen foot tall. The farmer at doesn’t take advantage of his great size but he eventually uses Gulliver as a display around Brobdingnag for money. In General the Brobdingnagians do not abuse their power. The King of Brobdingnag is offered the secret of gunpowder but he refuses to take this, even though gunpowder could vastly increase the power of his nation. The Queen of Brobdingnag finds Gulliver and buys him off the farmer for a thousand pieces of gold. The Queen finds Gulliver quite interesting and thinks of him not as a pet but as fellow Brobdingnagian. Throughout the story Swift likes to draw questions through his characters on why people hold power over others. A key example of this is how The Laputan King thinks he has the right to hold power over the Balnirbarbians simply because he is more devoted to abstract and theoretical knowledge then they are. A more ambiguous example of this power is how the Houyhnhnms control the Yahoos. The Houyhnhnms are intelligent, moral and virtuous people but it is still questionable on whether they should rule the Yahoos. â€Å"The Yahoos are greedy, beastlike humans who will fight over anything valuable and will eat enough food for ten. †(shmoop. com). Even though the Houyhmhnms are great creatures it is still inhuman that they should take control of the Yahoos who are less fortunate than them. Might vs. ight or, abuse or use of power, is a reoccurring theme in Gulliver’s Travels. Swift uses this theme to draw a deeper meaning into the story. The question of why people hold power over others is one that is asked throughout the novel. Swift puts you into each of leaders shoes and gets the reader to think of what they would do if they were in this situation. Would people use to power that was given to them to do great things or would people abuse their power to control and strip freed om from others.

Blade Runner as a Classic Film Noir and a Science Fiction Film Essay

Blade Runner as a Classic Film Noir and a Science Fiction Film Blade Runner, a well known 80’s science-fiction film, begins in 2019, set in the industrial city of L.A., the scene lit only by the many neon lights and molten guisers. We draw in from a panoramic long shot to Deckard, ‘ex-cop, ex-killer, ex-blade-runner’, who is at the heart of this film. Blade Runner is, definitively, a science fiction film, but the traits of Film Noir are the bread and butter, bringing it the dark, desperate atmosphere that is the very beauty of the film. Ridley Scott plants shrapnels of Film Noir throughout, from the subtle (cigars), to the downright blatant (the washed-up cop of main man). The genre itself developed in the post-war era, thriving upon the depression that had settled upon the world, and the new technology. The latter meant that scenes could be filmed outside of a studio, and new effects could be created with lighting. However, though the new technology was there, the after-math of the war meant that this equipment was often quite rare, leading to the lower budget films opting for stark, shadowy sets rather than miss out on the technology. But this type of setting fitted perfectly into the style of Film Noir anyway, as the feeling of the genre was reflecting the current mood, which was far from happy. The war had left some blind, and everyone else with brand new eyes, people could no longer see everything at face value, or to put it bluntly, the value of face had slumped. The world after war was no place for the frilly and meaningless, and Hollywood, as the capital of frill, had to come up with something new, and refreshingly... ...th Deckard ‘why am I called back? Why am I doing this?’ and the replicants can ask, ‘why am I a replicant, why am I like this?’ The answer of course, the bitter sentiment of Film Noir, ‘for no reason at all.’ The viewer watches Blade Runner’s characters like fish in a tank, with pity because they are trapped, and with resignation, because they’ll never, really, get out. The fusion of Sci-Fi and Film Noir works perfectly in Blade Runner, using the past to paint a (dismal) picture of the future. The combination was one of the first of it’s kind, pulling two genres together to work in perfect unison. And this combination of Sci-Fi and Film Noir will continue to work because the future is unseen, and therefore to us, quite scary, and, as in typical Film Noir fashion, there’s always ‘something BAD out there†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢

Clean Energy

Fuel Cells and Clean Energy for the Future are a better alternative source of energy for our world, and a cheaper and cleaner way to live compared to the alternative, fossil fuels! Humans have been using fossil fuels to power industries, electric plants, vehicles, and home heating, for over a hundred years and have polluted our world and have killed off species of animals and charged inflated prices to get rich, not counting all of the taxes (Natural Resources Committee, 2013).It's time for newer cleaner and cheaper practical ideas to produce energy. Some of the alternative energy source ideas in this paper have been around for a surprising amount of time but due to greed from people who have got rich off from all the sales of fossil fuels, none of the practical ideas were ever implemented because of ridiculous excuses such as there too expensive to put in place. Some of the ideas aren't taxable, which I'm assuming would be one of the biggest reasons alternative energy ideas are not used by many people.Fuel cells are a great alternative energy source; there are numerous ideas such as wind generation, solar power, HHO enerators, geothermal, solar-chemical systems and Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion. All of these alternative energy sources will be discussed in depth, and all the pros and cons of each of them. Alternative energy sources and fuel cells will eventually be used because fossil fuels will eventually run out. 1% of the earth's surface is covered in water and the sun shines every day, almost all of the alternative energy sources use nature's abundance of natural resources and potential energy to produce energy, and the waste products are not harmful to the environment. Some f the alternative energy or fuel cell ideas are challenging to build, but that's how the world has become what it is today, everythings a challenge which makes it exciting. Where will we be in twenty years, and how will we power our planet, run our cars or heat our homes or produce el ectricity?There are two known ways of using the sun's rays to capture and use it to make energy. Typically we think of solar right away, but solar-chemical systems are being experimented with to try and capture and store the sun's energy to be able to use it on demand via chemical storage and the use of a atalyst to use the energy (MIT, 2010). A molecule of fulvalene diruthenium, was experimented with at MIT, it is able to capture the sun's energy almost like a rechargeable battery, the chemical can store it for later use and when the stored energy is used the molecule snaps back to its original state ready to be used again.The energy can be used as heat to boil water to turn a turbine to produce energy or use the heat to directly heat a home. These heat storing chemicals can store the and possibilities of ideas are endless. Based on this molecule, MIT is in search of ther molecules with the same properties that are in abundance and a lot cheaper. Ultimately this can be used as a so lar-thermal fuel, when the reaction takes place to let out the suns heat it can reach temperatures of 200 degrees Celsius.This heat could be used in a number of ways to produce energy, for example Just using the heat released could easily heat a home. The chemical used isn't readily available but they are still experimenting with different chemicals to find one with the same properties as fulvalene diruthenium. Solar power is energy harnessed from the un's rays, and is a renewable energy source. Panels are made from silicon which is a semiconductor when the sun's rays (photons) hit the solar panels electrons in the panel absorb the energy which transforms the electrons into conduction electrons (Clean Energy, 2012).The electrons then carry an electric charge to a place that stores that energy like a battery bank. Solar panels are put up in series and work together to harness the sun's rays to produce energy required for whatever it is you're trying to power. It takes quite a few qua lity high watt panels to power a small cabin. Solar power is clean and sun rays are free but the system isn't and to power a home or cabin these systems can cost $20,000 and up. The price of the systems is the reason most people don't have them or use them.To set up a solar system, there are also a lot of components to hook up and a lot of wiring. With a lot of these different systems you would have to have a charge controller and a battery bank to store the energy produced by the solar panels. Which battery banks are also very expensive and need to properly be wired in series whether it is a 24 volt or 12 volt system. Solar power also doesn't produce electricity all the time, at night and on cloudy days solar panels don't put out the peak wattage they are capable of.Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion or (OTEC) has been around for a long time. An OTEC plant is built in the ocean on a hurricane proof platform so workers are safe from the elements. The oceans waters store 1000 times more heat than the atmosphere. More than 300 times the earth's needs are in the solar power contained in the tropical ocean. The heat is distributed by Thermo hailing circulation, which is a combination of wind, emperature and the earth's rotation; it acts like a conveyer belt. An ocean thermo energy conversion plant would be strategically placed in the ocean.At the equator the surface of the ocean is hot and some depths reach 3000 feet deep which is cold water. So this is an ideal place to place the plant since it works by the temperature differences in the water. An OTEC system uses the surface water to boil a gas such as propane, because propane has a low boiling point (Britannica, 2013). So it is used to power a turbine which produces electricity. The hot water on the top boils the gas nd creates steam out of the liquid propane which powers power's the turbine. The propane goes through a condenser and is cooled by the deep water temperature.So the propane is not burned at all it's J ust used to turn the turbine, to turn the electric generator, as steam, and then it goes through the cooling process to return to liquid form. Depending on the size of the plant, these OTEC plants can produce endless amounts of power and the process does not pollute the atmosphere. The plants cost a lot of money to build, but it would easily pay itself off in a few different ways. The technical definition of Bio diesel is a fuel comprised of mono alkyl esters of long has been around as long as diesel engines, but hasn't been in demand until recently.The way bio diesel is produced is through a process called transesterification, by altering the chemical properties of the oil with methanol. It is produced from renewable domestic resources which are not as harmful to the environment as petroleum fuels. It is also nontoxic and biodegradable. These kinds of fuels can be used in endless real world applications to produce energy. Commercial and esidential diesel generators can be ran with these fuels to produce energy without any modifications to the engine.Bio diesel also can be used with diesel vehicles that let off bad emission, and are worse for the ozone layer and affect global warming. Tractor trailers drive cross country daily to supply our nation with foods and products, by using bio diesel they could lower tail pipe emissions by 41%. These fuels can power diesel generators that could easily power a house or business. With some modifications to lower noise levels it could be a feasible and fairly cheap and clean ay to live and also get rid of a power bill. The only real problem with bio diesels is it could increase nitrogen oxide emissions.That problem can be overcome by a process called blending, which 20% bio diesel is blended with 5% diesel to get the best of both and get rid of the worst. Fuel cells of the near or distant future will be like batteries in a typical house hold item such as a flashlight. A fuel cell is something that uses a source of fuel li ke Hydrogen and an oxidant to electrochemically make electricity (National Geographic, 2013). Fuel cells could power our vehicles, houses, nd be portable so electricity can be brought where it would be required. Unlike batteries, fuel cells won't stop producing electricity as long as fuel is provided to it.Fuel cells are better for our atmosphere, they don't produce as many harmful green house gases and they don't produce any of the air pollutants that create health problems or smog. Once in production and fuel cells are able to compete with the fossil fuel industries, eventually they would be a lot cheaper than our typical sources of energy. Every fuel cell has two electrodes one negative and a positive one; they are called the anode and cathode. Electricity is produced at the electrodes. They also have an electrolyte which carries charged particles from one electrode to the other.There is also a catalyst that is introduced between the electrodes that speed up the reaction at the e lectrodes to produce more electricity at a faster rate. Another alternative energy source or fuel for everything we need fuel to power is water, the most abundant natural resource on the planet. Hydrogen fuel cells or hydrogen generators are being experimented with everyday. Water is made up of hydrogen and oxygen molecules, so to make it a combustible fuel, the hydrogen olecules need to be separated from the oxygen molecules. To accomplish this to produce hydrogen as a fuel is fairly easy.First a cell is made out of stainless steel with a positive and negative lead, separated by 1. 5mm for optimum hydrogen production. A common cell is 7 stainless plates which two of the plates on the outside are positive and negative and the rest of the sandwiched plates are neutral plates which help keep the cell run at cooler temperatures. The cell is then put into a housing unit with distilled water and an electrolyte; with a 12 volt source hooked up o the positive lead and a ground hooked up to the negative lead. Bubbles will start to form, which are hydrogen molecules breaking free from the oxygen molecules. ousing of the generator and into a bubbler to make sure the hydrogen is clean. From the bubbler the hydrogen can be pumped into a tank and then into an engine or directly into an engine. The waste ends up producing water, which isn't good for regular metal exhausts and will rust them out, but a stainless exhaust can replace it with no further worries. Catalytic converters on cars today turn some of the missions into water and eventually rust exhausts anyway. Some vehicles need more fuel than others, such as a tractor trailer VS a Prius (USA Today 2013).A hydrogen generator would have to be made specifically for the engine it's going to run. Alternative energy such as wind, solar, and geothermal energy sources will be a more efficient way of sustaining energy needed by humans. A wind turbine creates energy by the wind, which is potential energy sitting there where eve r located, Just waiting for a gust of wind to produce energy. Solar energy is readily available to us all but is ery expensive to set up. Geothermal energy is also readily available to us and is a clean source of energy but is also a very expensive set up. In the future prices will come down.So the companies making products for solar energy and geothermal energy can better compete on the energy market. By using alternative energy sources and fuel cells our planet could be a cleaner more efficient planet (Clean Energy, 2012). Fuel cells and alternative energy sources are a lot more efficient than the use of fossil fuels. There are a variety of different fuel cells and alternative energy ources in production right know, experimenting with different fuels and energy sources could potentially make more of a variety of efficient fuels and alternative energy combinations. Conclusion alternative, fossil fuels!There are numerous possibilities of alternative energy source ideas to power the world. The previous paragraphs talked about seven different alternative energy sources that could work to power our planet, without pollution and environmental wastes. These alternative energy sources use natural resources to produce energy, which seems to be the most responsible way to power our world. MIT's experiments with the molecule fulvalene diruthenium, is an exceptional idea. To be able to have the power of the suns energy stored in a molecule, and to be able to use it on demand is an amazing feat.Solar power is another alternative energy source that harnesses the suns power to create energy, which also doesn't pollute our world, and is a renewable energy source. Both solar and chemical solar systems use sunlight to produce energy which is in abundance and don't produce waste products. The use of water to produce power is another alternative energy source or fuel that uses nature's natural resources. Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion technology is not new. In 1881, Jacques Ar sene d'Arsonval, a French physicist, proposed tapping the thermal energy of the ocean.But it was d'Arsonval's student, Georges Claude, who in 1930 built the first OTEC plant in Cuba (U. S. Department of Energy (2013). OTEC can be used today to supply the world with energy with no pollution or waste, the first plant built produced 22 Kilowatts, which is enough to power a house or two but not enough to power a country. If the plants were made bigger with new technology and a fleet of these plants were built, ells and HHO generators are another alternative energy source that uses nature's natural resources.HHO generators use's water to produce energy or fuel, water covers 71% of the earth's surface so why not experiment with it as a fuel or energy source? The water used in some of the systems can be recycled so there is no waste or pollution. Fuel cells use hydrogen and an oxidant to produce electricity. HHO generators produce hydrogen as a fuel, which in combination could produce powe r as a fuel and electricity. These two alternative energy sources could be used on all ehicles in the country and cut out emissions as a whole.This would dramatically help our environment in a short period of time, probably enough to offset Chinas pollution and waste it produces. These alternative energy sources are Just a few of hundreds of ideas, new and old that are realistic energy sources to power our country or planet. It would take years to implement some of the ideas but some could be produced and ready to use immediately. I have personally made wind turbines and I am currently building an HHO generator and I'm also building a self-running generator that runs on nothing but the energy it produces.IVe experimented with all of these on a small scale and they worked great. So If you would like to make a difference and help clean up our planet and stop polluting and save a few dollars, start inventing or look at the history of alternative energy sources and build off someone els e's ideas. If you're not into building things yourself, do some research on the alternative energy source of your choice and buy it. There are a lot of websites that sell wind turbines, solar panels, HHO generators and boosters, some systems are a lot of money but most are obtainable by the average American.

Four Contextual Factors

1. Four Contextual Fators Apple have shown an ample example that they have implemented the four contextual factors in the organization which then lead to their organization successfulness. i. Culture – Steve Jobs, the founder of the organization have a clear vision and yet simple that he wants the whole organization to know. â€Å"Bringing the best personal computing, mobile communication, and portable digital music and video experience to consumers, students, educators, businesses, and government agencies through its innovative hardware, software, peripherals, services, and Internet offerings. Steve Jobs. ii. Strategy – Apple Inc. also spends a fair time of training and or re-training its employees on a global scale and comes up with many new devices to not only keep the shareholders happy, but also by braining storming and coming up with new technology so in which Apple Inc. can hire new employees; thus helping the global economy. Apple Inc. understands, as new ventu re grows, there can be a need for more and more administration. (Hisrich, Peters, 2010, p. p. 127) iii.Culture – Team building and team sustaining with repositioning is and can be a gruesome task, however ‘Time heals all wounds unless you pick at them. ’ (Shawn Alexander www. bellaonl ine. com/articles/art11602. asp) Managers worldwide can look at Apple Inc and learn that with any type of conflict; where it is by internal or external nature; can be maintained and or healed if the organization has a team willing to work and learn together if the team is willing to collaborate systematically. v. Enviroment – People believe that the leaders in the organization, especially Steve Jobs are one of the reasons for the organizational success; Human resources are a very important. Apple has been known to be a good employer. Its employees are appreciated and valued. They are provided with a healthy work culture that comes from learning organization, some of them feel that Apple has a wrong human resource strategy as they maintain secrecy.

Cubism and Fauvism essays

Cubism and Fauvism essays Cubism and Fauvism were one of the most influential modern arts of the 20th century. Cubism was developed by Spanish artist Pablo Picasso and French artist Georges Braque in Paris between 1907 and 1914. Picasso and Braque found examples and initial concepts of cubism in two art sources. The first source was in primitive art, such as African tribal masks, Iberian sculptures and Egyptian bas- reliefs. The next source was in the work of artist, Paul Czanne, in particular his late still lifes and landscapes. Czanne introduced new geometric forms as well as new spatial relations, which broke the traditional perspective of the renaissance era. In this new form of art, called cubism, objects were portrayed by geometric shapes, and were broken down into several parts, showing many different aspects at once. Later Cubist paintings were painted without realistic detail, effects of light or emotional content, producing a very abstract form, different from the typical paintings of that time. C ubist paintings tried to make the object appear 3 dimensional, whereas fauvist paintings emphasised the flat, two dimensional surfaces. Cubism was the beginning of the abstract and non-objective art style. Fauvism was the first 20th centaury art movement and was developed before cubism in 1905. The development of Fauvism began when about 12 artists, lead by Henri Mattise, stunned the public with their new form of art in an exhibition called the Salon dAutomne in Paris. Henri Matisse, who was among the first to produce modern art was an artist whose aim was to paint a picture which would give visual pleasure. The word fauvism is French for wild beast and was named by a critic in the exhibition who referred to the artists as les Fauves. Although fauvism was a relatively short movement, (4 years) it was influential and had a lasting impact on the art industry. Many of the fauve painti ...

SAT Prep Tips for Last Minute Studying and Cramming

SAT Prep Tips for Last Minute Studying and Cramming SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips CRAMMING FOR THE SAT - WEEKS, DAYS, OR HOURS LEFT TO STUDY. WHAT TO DO? So the SAT's coming up, and you need to cram for the test. You might have a few weeks, or even a few days left. You might be able to spend just 10 or fewer hours studying. If you're wondering how to best make use of your time before the test, this article's for you. First of all,consider delaying the test.If you've spent fewer than 40 hours studying for the SAT up to this point, it's very unlikely that you'll get the highest score possible on your upcoming SAT test. Instead, consider delaying your SAT to a later date and committing to studying early for the SAT in the meantime. This is especially true if you're a junior in high school or below - you'll have many more chances to take the SAT, and you want to put in a serious effort before your SAT so you can get the highest score possible. This isn't so that you minimize the tests that you take (schools don't really care how many times you took the SAT), but rather so that you don't waste time waiting for your score to arrive, hoping it'll be good enough. Instead you should put that time toward serious preparation. Note that this doesn't apply if this is the last time you can take the SAT - you might be a senior with this test as your last chance, or you might need it in time for a scholarship. If you're still committed to taking the test, here are ourtop two tips for doing as well as you can: #1: Take a Practice Test It's vital that you get comfortable with the format of the SAT, the way it asks questions, and its length. This is especially true if you've never taken a full-length SAT, or if your last test was over two months ago. The College Board has a free SAT practice test with answer explanations. Here's how to make the most of this practice test: Print out the testso you can practice writing on paper. Follow the timingstrictly.You need to get used to two things - the 4-hour length of the test, and the time given for each section. The SAT will cut you off when the section ends, with no allowances. Grade your test and calculate your SAT score. If you followed the test conditions strictly, your score on the real test is going to be pretty close to this score. Again, use this to help decide whether you want to delay your test. Review each section in detail and figure out why you missed each question. This is the most important part of taking this practice test. The SAT practice test (link again) contains answer explanations for each question. Your goal is to figure out why you missed the question, and how you won't miss it again in the future. All of the above should take at least 6 hours - around 3 hours to take the practice test, and 3 hours to review the test. #2: Guess Strategically If you're scoring below 600 on a section, here's a simple strategy that can potentially earn you a lot of points:skip the most difficult questions. To score a 500, you should skip 1/3 of all questions. To score a 600, you should skip 1/5 of all questions. This might seem crazy. Aren't you leaving points on the table if you don't try to answer all of the questions?Since there's no penalty for wrong answers on the SAT, you shouldput something down for every question, but that doesn't mean you need to spend time thinking about the answer. If you're scoring around a 600 when trying every question, it's unlikely that you'll be getting the most difficult questions correct. These questions also take the most amount of time since you'll spend minutes trying to make sense of what the question is asking. By skipping the hardest questions, you'll be able to spend more time on the easier questions that you're more likely to get right. As a rule of thumb, if you're spending more than 30 seconds on a question while making zero progress, make a guess and move on to the next one. You should take one to two hours to learn this strategy and make sure you're comfortable applying it. What Now? If you follow the two steps above, within 10 hours you'll be far ahead of where you started out. You probably won't get the best score you possibly can, but you might do well enough. What if you want to take the test again?Here at PrepScholarwe recommend that you put inat least 40 hours of dedicated SAT prep. You also need tostudy in the right wayso that you don't waste your time. PrepScholar is an online test prep program that creates a customized study program that's unique to you. It learns your personal strengths and weaknesses and creates a complete, comprehensive study plan that will give you exactly what you need to study to earn the most points. Behind the program is our team of dedicated education professionals who are committed to helping you solve your problems, whether it has to do with not knowing what to study, not being motivated to study, or having problems fitting prep into your schedule. Learn more about PrepScholar. Like this article? Get our free Ebook Guide to the SAT!

Historic Event in Middle East Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Historic Event in Middle East - Essay Example In 1917, Britain issued Balfour declaration which was seen as an attempt to support Jewish. The declaration however stated that Britain's support for the creation of Jewish national home in Palestine without violating civil and religious rights of the non-Jewish communities. By the year 1923 Britain had received two mandates a provisional mandate over Palestine and another east of river Jordan Arabs apposed the idea of Jewish national home which lead to a Palestine, Arab nation movement in early 1930s over 100,000 Jewish refugees came to Palestine from nazi Germany and Poland) which made the Arabs organize a general uprising that paralyzed Palestine in the late 1930s. In 1939 British began to limit Jewish immigration and land purchases and it was to be done under Arabs approval only (Mendelsohn, 1989) During World War II, most Palestinian Arabs and Jews stopped their resistance to the British rule and joined the allied forces. After World War II Zionist wanted British to allow immigration of the holocaust survivors they therefore used force to stop Great Britain from limiting Jewish immigration into Palestine. The United Nations special commission on Palestine recommended that Palestine be divided into Arab state and Jewish state also Jerusalem to be put under international control. The UN general assembly adopted this plan on November 29 1947, which could lead to the birth of Israel. Arabs rejected the move and fighting broke immediately. On 14th May 1940, the Jews proclaimed the independent state of Israel and the British withdrew from Palestine the next day neighboring Arabs nations attacked Israel. (Abboushi, 1987) The impacts of these events on today's world are:- It's the oppression of Jews in Eastern Europe that resulted in mass emigration of Jewish refugees who occupied Palestine with an aim of making it an independent Jewish nation the impact today being continued on and off violence between the pales tines and Israelites since then. The pales tines are fighting for the land back a thing that the Zionists can not allow. The fact that British handed over Palestine to the Zionist brought animosity between the Palestinian Arabs and the Jews and this has led to the United Nation spending a lot of money in the peace keeping initiative which is aimed at restoring calm between the two parties. Security uncertainty in the Middle East has also impacted heavily on the oil prices with experienced price fluctuations depending on the political climate in the Middle East. Cold and physical war between Americans ad Arabs came as result of the emigration of Jews from Eastern Europe due to oppression. The Americans are fighting in favor of the Jews with whom they are known to have the same origin. Lastly, the late 1800's oppression of Jews in Eastern Europe had a very strong impact on today's world because the fact that the Jews occupied 'foreign land' has led to suicide bombers. This are Palestinian terrorists who are ready to

Tactics during Donation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Tactics during Donation - Essay Example In other words, the tactic can be said to mean that as long as an individual has donated, the donated amount is helpful regardless of the amount. This tactic is used as an encouragement the donors that the donation process will achieve the targeted goals that may include eradicating poverty in the society. The steps refer to the charity organizations’ strategies to ensure that the donations received have been utilized towards attaining achievable objectives for the donor’s money, which facilitate increased donations. The tactic phrased in terms of a question means that individuals have the will for donations, and they will donate several bucks in during the donation. This implies reciprocity and provides an encouraging message for more donors towards donating towards a donation exercise. In other words, it means that I donate first for other to follow suit or motivate and convince others to

Why are informants necessary to effectively combat organized crime Essay

Why are informants necessary to effectively combat organized crime - Essay Example To gain this information, designated authorities have recourse to tried and tested methods. These methods include physical and technological surveillance, infiltration of the organization by undercover agents, and last, but not the least, the use of informants. Informants used against organized crime are usually members of these criminal organizations, who decide to talk to the authorities for a variety of personal and financial reasons. Critics have often criticized the use of informants: it is believed that most informants are unreliable because they work for selfish motives, either to gain revenge on their parent organization, or in search of incentives like money and exemption from charges and punishment. Since the whole process of using informants is confidential, critics fear the abuse of the system, whereby criminals go scot free despite heinous activities because of their cooperation with the authorities in netting criminal organizations. According to critics, informants tend to blur the lines between what is lawful and what is not. But despite these objections, there are reasons why authorities continue to use intelligence from informants, and we will now discuss why despite having other options like technical and physical surveillance and undercover operations, police and other authorities continue to use informants. Technological and physical surveillance is often unable to capture the entirety of the organization, as the members use coded communication. Moroever to initially establish surveillance especially in a suspects private space, the authorities must be able to obtain proof of criminal activity in the form of advance reliable intelligence. This is where the informants come in handy, because a reliable informer is able to provide a translation for the inner codes of a criminal organization, as well as supply tangible proof against a organized crime suspect to be brought under surveillance.

Over-spending and under-spending of the public sector budget

Over-spending and under-spending of the public sector budget The over-spending and under-spending of a budget is the positive or negative variance between what was actually spent and what was budgeted. Overspending Budgets overruns are the underestimation of costs and time or by the nonconformity of budget managers with the spending maximum defined in the budget, when projected. There are several explanations for overspending. Sometimes, it is simply bad forecasting on part of the budget manager. There was incomplete information or poor forecasting methods that led to an underestimation and/or unreal optimism of costs, expenses and revenues. Often there is change in scope of the project and costs associated with scope change are neither captured nor covered in the risk mitigation or contingency plan. Funds are allocated to the cost centers for spending, it is controlled. Overspent fund accumulate in arrears. Overruns could also be a result of off-budget spending which not considered part of the budget and is not included in budget totals. Off budget spending is often for political reasons. For example, after a request from President Reagan, Congress placed strategic petroleum reserve spending off-budget in 1982. Instead of using other means to control the deficit raising revenues or cutting spending placing this program off-budget gave the appearance of a smaller deficit, even though the government still needed to finance this spending. Source: Office of Management and Budget, Budget of the United States Government, Historical Tables and Mid-session Review, FY2006. Sometimes the expenditure processes are complicated and difficult. To circumvent this process exceptional procedures are development to speed to the process to release the funds. These exceptional procedures are tolerated by the treasury for politically sensitive expenditures. The procedures are frequently abused and should be discouraged. These procedures are used my officials to order supplies without making a formal request and much later the year un-forecasted invoices appear. Sometime fund are unavailable to make this invoices which leads to generation of arrears for the following year. The compounding of exceptional procedures also has long-term implications, incentivizing spending agencies to go outside the budget system to avoid control altogether. Such procedures are associated with or result in corruption. Often past experiences can lead to overspending. If a department head under spent the previous year and the budget for the following year was lost. The department is highly likely to spend the entire amount for the fear of losing funds for the next year. The way in which performance is reported can have a significant effect on the camaraderie and coordination between departments. If participation of the managers implementing the budget was absent, then managers can blame this for the file to abide by the budget. In addition impact of inflation and a sense of entitlement towards certain funds are also factors to be considered in budget planning. Overruns can be caused by such deficiencies in budget preparation. Under spending Many governments do not spend their full annual budget. The reasons for this under spending can be various and can result in many outcomes. Lack of timely spending or under spending can affect the citizens not receiving essential government services. Certain areas have more economic impacts such as jobs created through the timely initiation of new infrastructure project. Under spending can often obstruct resources from other departments/managers which/who are spending their budget more productively, preventing them to reach their complete potential of success in delivery of the intended service. Under spending in particular year frequently leads to rollovers and modifications in the subsequent years. These modifications are irregular and are cumbersome to be forecasted leaving the department ill-equipped to spend these rollovers. Factors that result in under spending include insufficiencies in budget preparation and project/program planning, unrealistic projections of revenues, poor governance and off-budget spending. Virement is another factor that fuels under spending: It is the transfer of funds from one budget head to another. To achieve efficiency or prevent the need for a supplementary estimate as an under spending from one head may be transferred to another head which has overspending. One problem with unrestricted virement is that managers would inevitably spend al their budget allocation for fear of a budget reduction in the subsequent year. Example: Within the ministry of education budgets are transferred from primary education to higher education it can result in the delay of programs starting in the K-12 grades. Example: The latest un-audited expenditure reports from the National Treasury indicate that R3.48 billion of the national government budget went unspent in 2000/01 financial year- about R1.7billion on both the recurrent and the capital side of the budget. The under spend in provincial government was far greater at R5.5 billion. The latest available data indicate that this picture has not changed significantly in 2001/02. Although the government is moving in the right direction, most initiatives to address under spending appear rather general and details have yet to emerge on how the Treasury will specifically tackle the problem. In the meantime, under-spending seems set to remain with us. Source: Government under spending remains a problem February 2002 By Marritt Claassens and Paul Whelan, Budget Information Service, Idasa, http://www.idasa.org.za/bis/ Different kinds of variances A variance is the difference between a budgeted, planned or standard amount and the actual amount. Variances can be divided according to their nature of the underlying amounts and is determined by the needs of users of the variance information. These include : Variable cost variances Direct material variance Price variance: is the difference between the standard cost and the actual cost for the actual quantity of material used or purchased. Usage Variance: is the difference between the standard quantity of materials that should have been used for the number of units actually produced, and the actual quantity of materials used, valued at the standard cost per unit of material. Direct labour variance Rate Variance is the difference between the standard cost and the actual cost paid for the actual number of hours. Efficiency variance is the difference between the standard labour hour that should have been worked for the actual number of units produced and the actual number of hours worked when the labour hours are valued at the standard rate. Overhead variances Fixed overhead variances: identifies what proportion of the total fixed overhead variance is due to actual fixed overhead being different from the budgeted fixed overhead. Variable overhead variance measures the change between actual expenditure and the allowed overhead for actual labour hours. Income variance is the difference between actual income and budget income. It is used to measure the performance of a income function, and/or analyze business results to better understand market conditions. Actual income can differ from budgeted income either due to the variance in volume sold or the variance in the price point of the budgeted price point. Best Practices The following are some key good practice for prevention and minimization of the variances: Broad goals should be established to guide government decision making. Budgeting methods are developed to achieve these goals. An appropriate budget is developed to achieve the goals and the performance criterion is determined at the beginning. Close interaction between the financial information system and the budgeting systems is essential. There should be a control on collective spending and any deficit, a overarching prioritization of strategies with regards to expenditures and better use of the budgeted resources. The approved budget should be entered into the financial information system. In addition to a full commitment system, memorandum notes should be included the system that capture records of commitment but does not amend the financial records. Timely comparative financial statements on a regular basis. These statements should include original and revised budget, capture variances and explain major variances. The audited and reliable statements are based in solid accounting standards with regular external reporting. Budget Monitoring: Monitoring and controlling consists of those processes are performed to observe that potential problems can be identified in a timely manner and corrective action can be taken, when necessary. The key benefit is that the actuals are observed and measured regularly to identify variances from the budget. During the course of the year, instance may arise where the income or expenditure is very large that may require and supplementary estimate. The better the level of control and intelligence available the earlier this situations can be detected and more swiftly and appropriate an action can be taken to minimize the variance. However if is determined there has to be a change then the financial information systems can be updated as soon as possible. If a department become aware that it will overspend at any time during the year it must notify the Treasury department immediately. It is possible that a supplement estimate is provided if deemed appropriate. Transparency is key publish the State accounting policies, establish system of internal controls, and keep doors open for public and parliamentary scrutiny. Flexible budgeting is a performance evaluation tool. It is not be prepared before the end of the fiscal period. A flexible budget adjusts the initial budget for the actual level of output. The flexible budget answers the question: If the department had known at the beginning of the period what would the output volume (units delivered or sold) would be, what the budget would have looked like? If the department actually delivered X units, then treasury should compare actual delivery costs for X units to what it should have spent to make X units, not to what the department should have spent to deliver X-1000 units or X+1000 units etc. The flexible budget provides a better opportunity for planning and controlling than does a static (initial) budget.

Elvis Pressley Essay -- essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  My research was done on Elvis Aron Pressley. Elvis had many accomplishments in many different fields. He was a great Rock And Roll musician. Also he was a musician in the Country and Gospel fields. He made many contributions to the rock and roll community. Elvis also had a great screenplay career. He revolutionized the movie making industry as well as the music industry.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Elvis grew up into a common laid back family. Elvis Aron Presley was born on January 8th 1935. He later changed his middle name to Aaron the more common way to spell that name. His parents were Vernon and Gladys Presley. He was born into a two-room house in Tupelo Mississippi. He also had a stillborn brother named Jessie Garon. Jessie would have been the identical twin brother of Elvis. This left Elvis to be the only child for Vernon and Gladys Presley. Elvis started his singing career early. In 1945 his voice was first recognized when he got second place in a talent contest. In 1948 Elvis, Vernon, and Gladys moved to Memphis Tennessee. Five years after they moved to Memphis, Elvis graduated from Humes High School. Elvis had many plans made for his life.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  His musical career was to soon take off like a rocket. In the same year he graduated he also got a record deal with the legendary Sun Records in Memphis Tennessee. Soon after he records his first album with Sun Records his single â€Å"That’s All Right† was released. The first d. j. to play the single was Dewey Philips. Elvis was quickly becoming a superstar and was too much for Sun Records to handle all the business.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Soon after his single was recognized to be a hit, Elvis knew he must get a new label. RCA Victor soon signed Elvis in 1955, when he was only 20 years old. One year later he was an international superstar. People around the world were beginning to recognize the greatness of Elvis Presley. In 1956, Elvis made his network television debut with the first of his six appearances on Stage Show, a weekly variety program hosted by Tommy and Jimmy Dorsey. Everyone was starting to see how big Elvis was going to be.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Elvis soon started to sell more and more records. Elvis soon records the song â€Å"Heartbreak Hotel†. This is his first single to go gold. Elvis would get many more platinum and gold re... ...ame, is located on historic Beale Street in Memphis, TN. Elvis Presley's Heartbreak Hotel is a fashionable boutique hotel that takes its cues from the legendary hospitality and personal style for which the King of Rock & Roll was known. Elvis also has a wedding chapel named Graceland, which resides in Las Vegas Nevada. Elvis is also commemorated on many stamps. His first stamp was published on his birthday in 1993. The USPS printed 500 million of them, three times the usual print run for a commemorative stamp. He also has more then 200 different styles of stamps in which he is commemorated.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  All-in-all Elvis’s career was long and productive. He has sold more records then anyone else ever has. He had many gold and multi-platinum records. Starred in many movies and made a lot of television appearances. Elvis has made his imprint on the American history in many ways. He will always be remembered as â€Å"The King†. Almost everyone in the Rock And Roll industry owe their careers to Elvis Aaron Pressley.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  

Restaurant Industry Analysis

Executive Summary This report will show that this industry can greatly benefit from the services our company offers. It will highlight many aspects of the restaurant industry and the changes that the industry is currently facing. With the state of the economy and the pressure on restaurants to offer healthy options to consumers, there have been many changes recently. This report will address those changes and the reasoning behind them. It will also address the importance of the restaurant industry to the economy as well as the history of the restaurant industry and ethical issues surrounding the business.This report will begin with a discussion of the largest industry trade association for the restaurant industry which is the NRA. It will then discuss the current focus in the restaurant industry on healthy eating and low calorie menu options. Socially, it is extremely important for the restaurants to offer these low calorie menu options to please customers who are watching their weig ht, or working to maintain a healthy lifestyle. This is also a focus in the legal and ethics categories of this paper, and continues to be one of the main focuses of the industry currently.The state of the economy will be another main discussion in this report. This is a problem that is affecting everyone, and every industry. It has caused restaurants to start relying on coupons and discounts to bring in consumers. Without these coupons and discounts, customers do not feel they can justify going to restaurants. The industry is expected to financially turn around within the next few years and recover from the great losses it, and many other industries have suffered.It is very apparent that the restaurant industry is extremely competitive; a consumer is offered many different choices in each category of cuisine, which makes it even more important for restaurants to offer what the customer wants, as well as to run specials and promotions to draw the customer in. Overall, the restaurant industry is currently being affected by all of the social and economic factors that are happening in the world around us, but by staying on top of the competition, offering coupons, deals, and options for every type of consumer, the industry should continue to grow and continue to be successful.Purpose The purpose of this report is to show the team that this industry could benefit from the services that are offered at the agency and to ensure that each agent has a full understanding of the restaurant industry and the patterns that it follows. It is extremely important that when working to acquire new business, each member of the team has a full understanding of the industry, from its history, to its legal troubles. The purpose of this report is also to show the company that there will be gains for both parties involved if the business is gained.Due to the downturn in the economy, it may be assumed that now would not be a good time to invest in a new industry; however this report wi ll show that the restaurant industry has a way of maintaining itself, and there are always new opportunities to be considered. This report will use an environmental scan to show the importance of understanding the industry, and understanding the how trends in our society today affect the industry. Trade Association An industry trade association that is affiliated with the restaurant industry is the National Restaurant Association (NRA).The NRA is located at 1200 17th St.  NW Washington DC 20036 (â€Å"National Restaurant,† 2011). The phone number is (202)331-5900 (â€Å"National Restaurant,† 2011). The NRA can also be found at www. restaurant. org. The NRA represents 380,000 of the 960,000 restaurant, restaurant supply, and nonprofit locations in the country (â€Å"National Restaurant,† 2011). They work to provide these locations with the resources necessary to be successful in an extremely fast paced industry. The NRA hosts multiple events each week in effort s to keep the restaurant community together. Environmental Scan This portion of the report will discuss the forces and trends that are currently affecting the industry.This information will assist with marketing strategies and presentations. Social One of the largest factors currently facing today’s restaurants is the focus on healthy eating and offering low calorie menu options. Fast food restaurants have begun heavily advertising their salads, as well as their other low calorie or natural options. With the current number of obese American’s on the rise, restaurants have certainly felt the pressure from their customers as well as from the government to ensure that their menus include healthy options that are still appetizing and that will sell well.One of the strategies that has been put in place by many restaurants is adding calorie counts to their menus. This strategy has been approved by many obesity experts, and has been shown to improve %15 of patron’s mea l choices (Jessen, 2011). Another social factor that is currently affecting the industry is the need for restaurants to stay open late or twenty four hours to better serve the communities. Denny’s and Ihop have been familiar â€Å"24 hour† restaurants for some time now, but back in 2000, Wendy’s began offering late night hours to their consumers.They realized that they were missing a great part of the market, and by extending their hours, intended to scoop it up. Currently, 80% of fast food drive thru’s offer late night hours, at least until midnight (Robinson, 2005). This market is growing stronger and stronger due to the consumer’s need for a late night snack combined with the laziness of not wanting to hit their own refrigerators. Economic Over the past few years, all American’s have become painfully aware of the distress that our economy is facing, and the restaurant industry was certainly not excluded in this awareness.The industry has been forced to take matters into their own hands and has begun offering more promotions, deals, and coupons to draw consumers into their businesses. According to USA Today, this is not supposed to be the time of year for coupons, as the holiday season approaches, restaurants are typically getting busier and busier, and the need to offer freebies decreases greatly (Horovitz, 2007). This year, that will not be the case. Consumers are feeling the pressure to save money wherever they can, and going out to eat is one of the first cuts that is going to be made.Coupons will dictate the dining decisions of many people as long as the economy continues its downward spiral. Many restaurants are offering deals that do not even need a coupon, these deals include promotions like â€Å"2 for 20† or â€Å"$6. 95 all you can eat soup and salad†. Companies have found that these marketing strategies increase their daily number of patron’s a great deal. Technological As the importa nce of technology in the daily lives of American’s grows, the importance of technology in the restaurant industry grows as well. The current fastest growing technological trend in the industry is the development of the online ordering system.It begun as a system that was put in place by a majority of large pizza delivery companies, but has continued to grow into a service that is now being offered by many chain restaurants to accompany their curbside carryout service (â€Å"OLO,† 2011) . This is purely a consumer convenience that has worked very well for companies so far. Companies are also utilizing the current social media craze to draw in more customers by offering special coupons and deals on their Facebook pages as well as adding their menu’s which is also a convenience for the consumer. CompetitiveIt does not take much more than a drive around a well populated city to understand the magnitude of the competition in the restaurant industry. As far as the fas t food industry goes, it is easy to see who the biggest competitors are, as they are the ones that we repeatedly see. The casual dining restaurant industry is a little bit harder to decipher. The two biggest companies in the casual dining spectrum are Darden (Olive Garden, Red Lobster, Longhorn, Bahama Breeze, Seasons 52, Capital Grille) and the Outback Corporation (Outback, Carrabba’s, Flemings, Roy’s, and Bonefish Grille) (â€Å"Restaurants & Cafà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s,† n.d).As big as these two companies are, the top fifty companies in the restaurant industry hold just 20% of the market (â€Å"Restaurants & Cafà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s,† n. d). This figure shows the importance of remaining on top of the competition and of remaining innovative and fresh. With the economy in its current state, restaurants are being forced to come up with crazy promo’s to draw out the customers. Ruth’s Steak House is mailing out $25 gift certificates to members of their rewards p rogram, Cold  Stone Creamery is partnering with Rocky Mountain Chocolates to create a shop that offers specialty ice cream and specialty chocolates.Carrabba’s is offering $10 off any bottle of wine on Wednesdays (â€Å"Restaurants dream,† 2008). These are just some examples of the promotions that are being put into place in order to keep restaurants in line with their competition. Legal As previously discussed, obesity is on the rise, which makes the government take more notice of the actions that restaurants are taking to ensure the best options for their patrons.The FDA is cracking down on the amount of calories in restaurant menu options. They are expected to introduce new national laws by the end of the year that requires any chain with twenty or more locations to include calories on their menu for all of their items (Bernstein, 2011). It is expected that companies that make changes as quickly as possible will fare the best with the FDA. This is not the first tim e that the food and drug administration has cracked down on calories. A few years ago, they required a few large chain restaurants to remove menu items that were over 1500 calories.Market Segmentation The restaurant industry can be split into a market segmentation of fast food, buffets, casual dining, and fine dining. It is important to know this information due to the fact that each segment will need to me marketed differently. Each segment sees a different demographic as far as age, financial status, and even gender. Many restaurants have begun marketing to senior citizens with early bird specials and deals because they realize that the baby boom generation is good part of the American stomach (Hayes, 2005).Demographic and economic statistics help to show the sales potential of the industry which is extremely important to marketers. When a new restaurant is looking to open its doors, there are certain demographic categories that must be looked at. These categories include: populat ion, median age, gender, ethnic groups, household income, marital status, households with children, and education. All of these categories must be analyzed in order for a restaurant to ensure success in the area in which they are opening.Information on these categories can be found using the most recent census, as well as state data agencies. Industry History Surprisingly, the restaurant is a relatively recent phenomenon. Until the near 1800’s, people dined at taverns, inns, and cabarets, and the idea of a restaurant was still an idea of the future (Dorf, 1992). In America, the restaurant became popular in the nineteenth century during the Industrial revolution. These restaurants were originally created to serve the workers during the industrial revolution (Lundberg, 1994).They included â€Å"white tablecloth† service and restaurants that resembled more of a mess hall to fit as many people as possible. Since then, the idea has very obviously taken off, and remains stro ng even through our rough economic times. Financial Forecast The light at the end of the tunnel has not yet been spotted as far our economy goes, but it appears that American’s have decided that it is okay to begin venturing out in restaurants again. Total restaurant sales for 2011 have been up 3. 6% over sales in 2010, and this is expected to continue into 2012 (Weisberg, 2010).This is great news for the industry, however it has been reported that despite the rise in sales, 2 out of every five adults in America are still not using restaurant services as much as they would like in their daily lives (Weisberg, 2010). With The expected rise in sales, the importance of offering coupons and deals is still a big factor. If the industry would like to keep sales on the rise, it is important to continue advertising and drawing consumers into the restaurants. Ethical Issues Currently, the major ethical issue that the restaurant industry is dealing with is the obesity factor.If the att empts to create a healthy menu and healthier options continue, the industry should stay out of hot water. It is important to realize that the promotion of healthy choices can draw customers as well as keep a specific restaurant in good standing with the American public. Ethically, it should be extremely important for the industry to maintain as healthy a menu as possible. With many Americans struggling with obesity every day, the healthy menu options could really make a difference in their lives. One of the biggest ethical issues that each and every restaurant in the industry faces each day is the issue of safety.There is a lot of focus on safety not only for the customer, but also for the employees. Food recalls have been a major issue in the past few years, as they have become more and more frequent due to new diseases and viruses that are developing. If food that is recalled is not immediately removed, it could be very dangerous to the customer, which could in turn lead to a pote ntial closing of a restaurant. Discussion The restaurant industry is significant in many ways. It is an industry that will never completely die if they continue to change and offer new and exciting things to their consumers.It is important that trends are followed and the proper advertising is done to reach specific demographics. The industry is also significant because people pay attention to activity going on in the restaurant industry because a great majority of American’s eat some sort of restaurant food at least once a week. I recommend that our company pursue a potential business opportunity with the restaurant industry because I believe that the company could have a great impact on the industry by using prevalent industry information to create a marketing campaign that will boost sales and bring in more lifelong customers.Conclusion In conclusion, I recommend that our company make a bid for the business in the restaurant industry because it is an industry that is extre mely capable of growth, and I believe that our company could greatly assist in this growth. Together, we could create an excellent advertising campaign that would not only increase sales, but also improve the opinion of the industry in the public eye. I have always said that everyone has to eat, why not make it at a restaurant tonight?

Alliance: Cold War Essay

ORIGINS OF COLD WAR ESSAY REVIEW Relevant IB Objectives 1. Origins of the Cold War a. Ideological differences b. Mutual suspicion and fear c. From wartime allies to post-war enemies 2. Nature of the Cold War a. Ideological opposition b. Superpowers and spheres of influence c. Alliances and diplomacy in the Cold War 3. Development and impact of the Cold War a. Role and significance of leaders b. Social, cultural, and economic impact 4. Material for detailed study †¢ Wartime conferences: Yalta and Potsdam US policies and developments in Europe: Truman Doctrine, Marshall Plan, NATO †¢ Soviet policies, Sovietization of Eastern and Central Europe, COMECON †¢ Germany (especially Berlin (1945? 61)), Korea †¢ Stalin, Truman Past Essay Questions I. Origins of Cold War 1. ‘Ideological differences played little part in the origin of the Cold War. ’ How far do you agree with this judgment? (2000) 2. Assess the part played by differing ideologies in the origin of the Cold War. (2005) 3. â€Å"The Cold War was caused by fear, not aggression. To what extent does this view explain how the Cold War developed between 1945 and 1949? (2001) 4. To what extent did events in the final year of the Second World War turn wartime allies into Cold War enemies? (2004) 5. â€Å"An unnatural alliance that was bound to fall apart after the defeat of the common enemy. † To what extent does this statement explain the origin of the Cold War? (2006) 6. Analyse the origin of East-West rivalry and explain why it developed into the Cold War. (2008) I. Nature of Cold War 1. Assess the part played by differing ideologies in the origin of the Cold War. 2005) 2. Define ‘superpower rivalry’ and assess its importance in international politics since 1945. (2000) 3. In what ways, and for what reasons, did super-power rivalry dominate international politics between 1945 and 1961? (2002) 4. Analyse the origin of East-West rivalry and explain why it develop ed into the Cold War. (2008) 5. Also: the role and impact of alliances and diplomacy in the Cold War II. Development and impact 1. For what reasons, and with what effects, did social and cultural differences affect the origin and development of the Cold War? 2002) 2. Also: role and significance of Truman and/ or Stalin III. Material for detailed study 1. How, and to what extent, did the conferences at Yalta and Potsdam (1945) contribute to the origin of the Cold War? (2003) 2. For what reasons, and with what results, were there disagreements between participants at the conferences of Yalta and Potsdam in 1945? (2009) 3. For what reasons, and with what results, did the Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan affect Cold War development? (2008) 4.To what extent was Germany the cause of East/West disagreements between 1943 and 1963? (2000) 5. Analyze the role of Germany in the origin and development of the Cold War. (2002) 6. In what ways, and with what results, was Germany the key focus of the early stages of the Cold War? (2005) 7. Compare and contrast the policies of the USA and the USSR towards Korea between 1945 and 1955. (2004) 8. Also: NATO, Soviet policies, Sovietization of Central and Eastern Europe, COMECON, Stalin, Truman