Tactics during Donation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Tactics during Donation - Essay Example In other words, the tactic can be said to mean that as long as an individual has donated, the donated amount is helpful regardless of the amount. This tactic is used as an encouragement the donors that the donation process will achieve the targeted goals that may include eradicating poverty in the society. The steps refer to the charity organizations’ strategies to ensure that the donations received have been utilized towards attaining achievable objectives for the donor’s money, which facilitate increased donations. The tactic phrased in terms of a question means that individuals have the will for donations, and they will donate several bucks in during the donation. This implies reciprocity and provides an encouraging message for more donors towards donating towards a donation exercise. In other words, it means that I donate first for other to follow suit or motivate and convince others to

Why are informants necessary to effectively combat organized crime Essay

Why are informants necessary to effectively combat organized crime - Essay Example To gain this information, designated authorities have recourse to tried and tested methods. These methods include physical and technological surveillance, infiltration of the organization by undercover agents, and last, but not the least, the use of informants. Informants used against organized crime are usually members of these criminal organizations, who decide to talk to the authorities for a variety of personal and financial reasons. Critics have often criticized the use of informants: it is believed that most informants are unreliable because they work for selfish motives, either to gain revenge on their parent organization, or in search of incentives like money and exemption from charges and punishment. Since the whole process of using informants is confidential, critics fear the abuse of the system, whereby criminals go scot free despite heinous activities because of their cooperation with the authorities in netting criminal organizations. According to critics, informants tend to blur the lines between what is lawful and what is not. But despite these objections, there are reasons why authorities continue to use intelligence from informants, and we will now discuss why despite having other options like technical and physical surveillance and undercover operations, police and other authorities continue to use informants. Technological and physical surveillance is often unable to capture the entirety of the organization, as the members use coded communication. Moroever to initially establish surveillance especially in a suspects private space, the authorities must be able to obtain proof of criminal activity in the form of advance reliable intelligence. This is where the informants come in handy, because a reliable informer is able to provide a translation for the inner codes of a criminal organization, as well as supply tangible proof against a organized crime suspect to be brought under surveillance.

Over-spending and under-spending of the public sector budget

Over-spending and under-spending of the public sector budget The over-spending and under-spending of a budget is the positive or negative variance between what was actually spent and what was budgeted. Overspending Budgets overruns are the underestimation of costs and time or by the nonconformity of budget managers with the spending maximum defined in the budget, when projected. There are several explanations for overspending. Sometimes, it is simply bad forecasting on part of the budget manager. There was incomplete information or poor forecasting methods that led to an underestimation and/or unreal optimism of costs, expenses and revenues. Often there is change in scope of the project and costs associated with scope change are neither captured nor covered in the risk mitigation or contingency plan. Funds are allocated to the cost centers for spending, it is controlled. Overspent fund accumulate in arrears. Overruns could also be a result of off-budget spending which not considered part of the budget and is not included in budget totals. Off budget spending is often for political reasons. For example, after a request from President Reagan, Congress placed strategic petroleum reserve spending off-budget in 1982. Instead of using other means to control the deficit raising revenues or cutting spending placing this program off-budget gave the appearance of a smaller deficit, even though the government still needed to finance this spending. Source: Office of Management and Budget, Budget of the United States Government, Historical Tables and Mid-session Review, FY2006. Sometimes the expenditure processes are complicated and difficult. To circumvent this process exceptional procedures are development to speed to the process to release the funds. These exceptional procedures are tolerated by the treasury for politically sensitive expenditures. The procedures are frequently abused and should be discouraged. These procedures are used my officials to order supplies without making a formal request and much later the year un-forecasted invoices appear. Sometime fund are unavailable to make this invoices which leads to generation of arrears for the following year. The compounding of exceptional procedures also has long-term implications, incentivizing spending agencies to go outside the budget system to avoid control altogether. Such procedures are associated with or result in corruption. Often past experiences can lead to overspending. If a department head under spent the previous year and the budget for the following year was lost. The department is highly likely to spend the entire amount for the fear of losing funds for the next year. The way in which performance is reported can have a significant effect on the camaraderie and coordination between departments. If participation of the managers implementing the budget was absent, then managers can blame this for the file to abide by the budget. In addition impact of inflation and a sense of entitlement towards certain funds are also factors to be considered in budget planning. Overruns can be caused by such deficiencies in budget preparation. Under spending Many governments do not spend their full annual budget. The reasons for this under spending can be various and can result in many outcomes. Lack of timely spending or under spending can affect the citizens not receiving essential government services. Certain areas have more economic impacts such as jobs created through the timely initiation of new infrastructure project. Under spending can often obstruct resources from other departments/managers which/who are spending their budget more productively, preventing them to reach their complete potential of success in delivery of the intended service. Under spending in particular year frequently leads to rollovers and modifications in the subsequent years. These modifications are irregular and are cumbersome to be forecasted leaving the department ill-equipped to spend these rollovers. Factors that result in under spending include insufficiencies in budget preparation and project/program planning, unrealistic projections of revenues, poor governance and off-budget spending. Virement is another factor that fuels under spending: It is the transfer of funds from one budget head to another. To achieve efficiency or prevent the need for a supplementary estimate as an under spending from one head may be transferred to another head which has overspending. One problem with unrestricted virement is that managers would inevitably spend al their budget allocation for fear of a budget reduction in the subsequent year. Example: Within the ministry of education budgets are transferred from primary education to higher education it can result in the delay of programs starting in the K-12 grades. Example: The latest un-audited expenditure reports from the National Treasury indicate that R3.48 billion of the national government budget went unspent in 2000/01 financial year- about R1.7billion on both the recurrent and the capital side of the budget. The under spend in provincial government was far greater at R5.5 billion. The latest available data indicate that this picture has not changed significantly in 2001/02. Although the government is moving in the right direction, most initiatives to address under spending appear rather general and details have yet to emerge on how the Treasury will specifically tackle the problem. In the meantime, under-spending seems set to remain with us. Source: Government under spending remains a problem February 2002 By Marritt Claassens and Paul Whelan, Budget Information Service, Idasa, http://www.idasa.org.za/bis/ Different kinds of variances A variance is the difference between a budgeted, planned or standard amount and the actual amount. Variances can be divided according to their nature of the underlying amounts and is determined by the needs of users of the variance information. These include : Variable cost variances Direct material variance Price variance: is the difference between the standard cost and the actual cost for the actual quantity of material used or purchased. Usage Variance: is the difference between the standard quantity of materials that should have been used for the number of units actually produced, and the actual quantity of materials used, valued at the standard cost per unit of material. Direct labour variance Rate Variance is the difference between the standard cost and the actual cost paid for the actual number of hours. Efficiency variance is the difference between the standard labour hour that should have been worked for the actual number of units produced and the actual number of hours worked when the labour hours are valued at the standard rate. Overhead variances Fixed overhead variances: identifies what proportion of the total fixed overhead variance is due to actual fixed overhead being different from the budgeted fixed overhead. Variable overhead variance measures the change between actual expenditure and the allowed overhead for actual labour hours. Income variance is the difference between actual income and budget income. It is used to measure the performance of a income function, and/or analyze business results to better understand market conditions. Actual income can differ from budgeted income either due to the variance in volume sold or the variance in the price point of the budgeted price point. Best Practices The following are some key good practice for prevention and minimization of the variances: Broad goals should be established to guide government decision making. Budgeting methods are developed to achieve these goals. An appropriate budget is developed to achieve the goals and the performance criterion is determined at the beginning. Close interaction between the financial information system and the budgeting systems is essential. There should be a control on collective spending and any deficit, a overarching prioritization of strategies with regards to expenditures and better use of the budgeted resources. The approved budget should be entered into the financial information system. In addition to a full commitment system, memorandum notes should be included the system that capture records of commitment but does not amend the financial records. Timely comparative financial statements on a regular basis. These statements should include original and revised budget, capture variances and explain major variances. The audited and reliable statements are based in solid accounting standards with regular external reporting. Budget Monitoring: Monitoring and controlling consists of those processes are performed to observe that potential problems can be identified in a timely manner and corrective action can be taken, when necessary. The key benefit is that the actuals are observed and measured regularly to identify variances from the budget. During the course of the year, instance may arise where the income or expenditure is very large that may require and supplementary estimate. The better the level of control and intelligence available the earlier this situations can be detected and more swiftly and appropriate an action can be taken to minimize the variance. However if is determined there has to be a change then the financial information systems can be updated as soon as possible. If a department become aware that it will overspend at any time during the year it must notify the Treasury department immediately. It is possible that a supplement estimate is provided if deemed appropriate. Transparency is key publish the State accounting policies, establish system of internal controls, and keep doors open for public and parliamentary scrutiny. Flexible budgeting is a performance evaluation tool. It is not be prepared before the end of the fiscal period. A flexible budget adjusts the initial budget for the actual level of output. The flexible budget answers the question: If the department had known at the beginning of the period what would the output volume (units delivered or sold) would be, what the budget would have looked like? If the department actually delivered X units, then treasury should compare actual delivery costs for X units to what it should have spent to make X units, not to what the department should have spent to deliver X-1000 units or X+1000 units etc. The flexible budget provides a better opportunity for planning and controlling than does a static (initial) budget.

Elvis Pressley Essay -- essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  My research was done on Elvis Aron Pressley. Elvis had many accomplishments in many different fields. He was a great Rock And Roll musician. Also he was a musician in the Country and Gospel fields. He made many contributions to the rock and roll community. Elvis also had a great screenplay career. He revolutionized the movie making industry as well as the music industry.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Elvis grew up into a common laid back family. Elvis Aron Presley was born on January 8th 1935. He later changed his middle name to Aaron the more common way to spell that name. His parents were Vernon and Gladys Presley. He was born into a two-room house in Tupelo Mississippi. He also had a stillborn brother named Jessie Garon. Jessie would have been the identical twin brother of Elvis. This left Elvis to be the only child for Vernon and Gladys Presley. Elvis started his singing career early. In 1945 his voice was first recognized when he got second place in a talent contest. In 1948 Elvis, Vernon, and Gladys moved to Memphis Tennessee. Five years after they moved to Memphis, Elvis graduated from Humes High School. Elvis had many plans made for his life.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  His musical career was to soon take off like a rocket. In the same year he graduated he also got a record deal with the legendary Sun Records in Memphis Tennessee. Soon after he records his first album with Sun Records his single â€Å"That’s All Right† was released. The first d. j. to play the single was Dewey Philips. Elvis was quickly becoming a superstar and was too much for Sun Records to handle all the business.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Soon after his single was recognized to be a hit, Elvis knew he must get a new label. RCA Victor soon signed Elvis in 1955, when he was only 20 years old. One year later he was an international superstar. People around the world were beginning to recognize the greatness of Elvis Presley. In 1956, Elvis made his network television debut with the first of his six appearances on Stage Show, a weekly variety program hosted by Tommy and Jimmy Dorsey. Everyone was starting to see how big Elvis was going to be.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Elvis soon started to sell more and more records. Elvis soon records the song â€Å"Heartbreak Hotel†. This is his first single to go gold. Elvis would get many more platinum and gold re... ...ame, is located on historic Beale Street in Memphis, TN. Elvis Presley's Heartbreak Hotel is a fashionable boutique hotel that takes its cues from the legendary hospitality and personal style for which the King of Rock & Roll was known. Elvis also has a wedding chapel named Graceland, which resides in Las Vegas Nevada. Elvis is also commemorated on many stamps. His first stamp was published on his birthday in 1993. The USPS printed 500 million of them, three times the usual print run for a commemorative stamp. He also has more then 200 different styles of stamps in which he is commemorated.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  All-in-all Elvis’s career was long and productive. He has sold more records then anyone else ever has. He had many gold and multi-platinum records. Starred in many movies and made a lot of television appearances. Elvis has made his imprint on the American history in many ways. He will always be remembered as â€Å"The King†. Almost everyone in the Rock And Roll industry owe their careers to Elvis Aaron Pressley.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  

Restaurant Industry Analysis

Executive Summary This report will show that this industry can greatly benefit from the services our company offers. It will highlight many aspects of the restaurant industry and the changes that the industry is currently facing. With the state of the economy and the pressure on restaurants to offer healthy options to consumers, there have been many changes recently. This report will address those changes and the reasoning behind them. It will also address the importance of the restaurant industry to the economy as well as the history of the restaurant industry and ethical issues surrounding the business.This report will begin with a discussion of the largest industry trade association for the restaurant industry which is the NRA. It will then discuss the current focus in the restaurant industry on healthy eating and low calorie menu options. Socially, it is extremely important for the restaurants to offer these low calorie menu options to please customers who are watching their weig ht, or working to maintain a healthy lifestyle. This is also a focus in the legal and ethics categories of this paper, and continues to be one of the main focuses of the industry currently.The state of the economy will be another main discussion in this report. This is a problem that is affecting everyone, and every industry. It has caused restaurants to start relying on coupons and discounts to bring in consumers. Without these coupons and discounts, customers do not feel they can justify going to restaurants. The industry is expected to financially turn around within the next few years and recover from the great losses it, and many other industries have suffered.It is very apparent that the restaurant industry is extremely competitive; a consumer is offered many different choices in each category of cuisine, which makes it even more important for restaurants to offer what the customer wants, as well as to run specials and promotions to draw the customer in. Overall, the restaurant industry is currently being affected by all of the social and economic factors that are happening in the world around us, but by staying on top of the competition, offering coupons, deals, and options for every type of consumer, the industry should continue to grow and continue to be successful.Purpose The purpose of this report is to show the team that this industry could benefit from the services that are offered at the agency and to ensure that each agent has a full understanding of the restaurant industry and the patterns that it follows. It is extremely important that when working to acquire new business, each member of the team has a full understanding of the industry, from its history, to its legal troubles. The purpose of this report is also to show the company that there will be gains for both parties involved if the business is gained.Due to the downturn in the economy, it may be assumed that now would not be a good time to invest in a new industry; however this report wi ll show that the restaurant industry has a way of maintaining itself, and there are always new opportunities to be considered. This report will use an environmental scan to show the importance of understanding the industry, and understanding the how trends in our society today affect the industry. Trade Association An industry trade association that is affiliated with the restaurant industry is the National Restaurant Association (NRA).The NRA is located at 1200 17th St.  NW Washington DC 20036 (â€Å"National Restaurant,† 2011). The phone number is (202)331-5900 (â€Å"National Restaurant,† 2011). The NRA can also be found at www. restaurant. org. The NRA represents 380,000 of the 960,000 restaurant, restaurant supply, and nonprofit locations in the country (â€Å"National Restaurant,† 2011). They work to provide these locations with the resources necessary to be successful in an extremely fast paced industry. The NRA hosts multiple events each week in effort s to keep the restaurant community together. Environmental Scan This portion of the report will discuss the forces and trends that are currently affecting the industry.This information will assist with marketing strategies and presentations. Social One of the largest factors currently facing today’s restaurants is the focus on healthy eating and offering low calorie menu options. Fast food restaurants have begun heavily advertising their salads, as well as their other low calorie or natural options. With the current number of obese American’s on the rise, restaurants have certainly felt the pressure from their customers as well as from the government to ensure that their menus include healthy options that are still appetizing and that will sell well.One of the strategies that has been put in place by many restaurants is adding calorie counts to their menus. This strategy has been approved by many obesity experts, and has been shown to improve %15 of patron’s mea l choices (Jessen, 2011). Another social factor that is currently affecting the industry is the need for restaurants to stay open late or twenty four hours to better serve the communities. Denny’s and Ihop have been familiar â€Å"24 hour† restaurants for some time now, but back in 2000, Wendy’s began offering late night hours to their consumers.They realized that they were missing a great part of the market, and by extending their hours, intended to scoop it up. Currently, 80% of fast food drive thru’s offer late night hours, at least until midnight (Robinson, 2005). This market is growing stronger and stronger due to the consumer’s need for a late night snack combined with the laziness of not wanting to hit their own refrigerators. Economic Over the past few years, all American’s have become painfully aware of the distress that our economy is facing, and the restaurant industry was certainly not excluded in this awareness.The industry has been forced to take matters into their own hands and has begun offering more promotions, deals, and coupons to draw consumers into their businesses. According to USA Today, this is not supposed to be the time of year for coupons, as the holiday season approaches, restaurants are typically getting busier and busier, and the need to offer freebies decreases greatly (Horovitz, 2007). This year, that will not be the case. Consumers are feeling the pressure to save money wherever they can, and going out to eat is one of the first cuts that is going to be made.Coupons will dictate the dining decisions of many people as long as the economy continues its downward spiral. Many restaurants are offering deals that do not even need a coupon, these deals include promotions like â€Å"2 for 20† or â€Å"$6. 95 all you can eat soup and salad†. Companies have found that these marketing strategies increase their daily number of patron’s a great deal. Technological As the importa nce of technology in the daily lives of American’s grows, the importance of technology in the restaurant industry grows as well. The current fastest growing technological trend in the industry is the development of the online ordering system.It begun as a system that was put in place by a majority of large pizza delivery companies, but has continued to grow into a service that is now being offered by many chain restaurants to accompany their curbside carryout service (â€Å"OLO,† 2011) . This is purely a consumer convenience that has worked very well for companies so far. Companies are also utilizing the current social media craze to draw in more customers by offering special coupons and deals on their Facebook pages as well as adding their menu’s which is also a convenience for the consumer. CompetitiveIt does not take much more than a drive around a well populated city to understand the magnitude of the competition in the restaurant industry. As far as the fas t food industry goes, it is easy to see who the biggest competitors are, as they are the ones that we repeatedly see. The casual dining restaurant industry is a little bit harder to decipher. The two biggest companies in the casual dining spectrum are Darden (Olive Garden, Red Lobster, Longhorn, Bahama Breeze, Seasons 52, Capital Grille) and the Outback Corporation (Outback, Carrabba’s, Flemings, Roy’s, and Bonefish Grille) (â€Å"Restaurants & Cafà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s,† n.d).As big as these two companies are, the top fifty companies in the restaurant industry hold just 20% of the market (â€Å"Restaurants & Cafà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s,† n. d). This figure shows the importance of remaining on top of the competition and of remaining innovative and fresh. With the economy in its current state, restaurants are being forced to come up with crazy promo’s to draw out the customers. Ruth’s Steak House is mailing out $25 gift certificates to members of their rewards p rogram, Cold  Stone Creamery is partnering with Rocky Mountain Chocolates to create a shop that offers specialty ice cream and specialty chocolates.Carrabba’s is offering $10 off any bottle of wine on Wednesdays (â€Å"Restaurants dream,† 2008). These are just some examples of the promotions that are being put into place in order to keep restaurants in line with their competition. Legal As previously discussed, obesity is on the rise, which makes the government take more notice of the actions that restaurants are taking to ensure the best options for their patrons.The FDA is cracking down on the amount of calories in restaurant menu options. They are expected to introduce new national laws by the end of the year that requires any chain with twenty or more locations to include calories on their menu for all of their items (Bernstein, 2011). It is expected that companies that make changes as quickly as possible will fare the best with the FDA. This is not the first tim e that the food and drug administration has cracked down on calories. A few years ago, they required a few large chain restaurants to remove menu items that were over 1500 calories.Market Segmentation The restaurant industry can be split into a market segmentation of fast food, buffets, casual dining, and fine dining. It is important to know this information due to the fact that each segment will need to me marketed differently. Each segment sees a different demographic as far as age, financial status, and even gender. Many restaurants have begun marketing to senior citizens with early bird specials and deals because they realize that the baby boom generation is good part of the American stomach (Hayes, 2005).Demographic and economic statistics help to show the sales potential of the industry which is extremely important to marketers. When a new restaurant is looking to open its doors, there are certain demographic categories that must be looked at. These categories include: populat ion, median age, gender, ethnic groups, household income, marital status, households with children, and education. All of these categories must be analyzed in order for a restaurant to ensure success in the area in which they are opening.Information on these categories can be found using the most recent census, as well as state data agencies. Industry History Surprisingly, the restaurant is a relatively recent phenomenon. Until the near 1800’s, people dined at taverns, inns, and cabarets, and the idea of a restaurant was still an idea of the future (Dorf, 1992). In America, the restaurant became popular in the nineteenth century during the Industrial revolution. These restaurants were originally created to serve the workers during the industrial revolution (Lundberg, 1994).They included â€Å"white tablecloth† service and restaurants that resembled more of a mess hall to fit as many people as possible. Since then, the idea has very obviously taken off, and remains stro ng even through our rough economic times. Financial Forecast The light at the end of the tunnel has not yet been spotted as far our economy goes, but it appears that American’s have decided that it is okay to begin venturing out in restaurants again. Total restaurant sales for 2011 have been up 3. 6% over sales in 2010, and this is expected to continue into 2012 (Weisberg, 2010).This is great news for the industry, however it has been reported that despite the rise in sales, 2 out of every five adults in America are still not using restaurant services as much as they would like in their daily lives (Weisberg, 2010). With The expected rise in sales, the importance of offering coupons and deals is still a big factor. If the industry would like to keep sales on the rise, it is important to continue advertising and drawing consumers into the restaurants. Ethical Issues Currently, the major ethical issue that the restaurant industry is dealing with is the obesity factor.If the att empts to create a healthy menu and healthier options continue, the industry should stay out of hot water. It is important to realize that the promotion of healthy choices can draw customers as well as keep a specific restaurant in good standing with the American public. Ethically, it should be extremely important for the industry to maintain as healthy a menu as possible. With many Americans struggling with obesity every day, the healthy menu options could really make a difference in their lives. One of the biggest ethical issues that each and every restaurant in the industry faces each day is the issue of safety.There is a lot of focus on safety not only for the customer, but also for the employees. Food recalls have been a major issue in the past few years, as they have become more and more frequent due to new diseases and viruses that are developing. If food that is recalled is not immediately removed, it could be very dangerous to the customer, which could in turn lead to a pote ntial closing of a restaurant. Discussion The restaurant industry is significant in many ways. It is an industry that will never completely die if they continue to change and offer new and exciting things to their consumers.It is important that trends are followed and the proper advertising is done to reach specific demographics. The industry is also significant because people pay attention to activity going on in the restaurant industry because a great majority of American’s eat some sort of restaurant food at least once a week. I recommend that our company pursue a potential business opportunity with the restaurant industry because I believe that the company could have a great impact on the industry by using prevalent industry information to create a marketing campaign that will boost sales and bring in more lifelong customers.Conclusion In conclusion, I recommend that our company make a bid for the business in the restaurant industry because it is an industry that is extre mely capable of growth, and I believe that our company could greatly assist in this growth. Together, we could create an excellent advertising campaign that would not only increase sales, but also improve the opinion of the industry in the public eye. I have always said that everyone has to eat, why not make it at a restaurant tonight?

Alliance: Cold War Essay

ORIGINS OF COLD WAR ESSAY REVIEW Relevant IB Objectives 1. Origins of the Cold War a. Ideological differences b. Mutual suspicion and fear c. From wartime allies to post-war enemies 2. Nature of the Cold War a. Ideological opposition b. Superpowers and spheres of influence c. Alliances and diplomacy in the Cold War 3. Development and impact of the Cold War a. Role and significance of leaders b. Social, cultural, and economic impact 4. Material for detailed study †¢ Wartime conferences: Yalta and Potsdam US policies and developments in Europe: Truman Doctrine, Marshall Plan, NATO †¢ Soviet policies, Sovietization of Eastern and Central Europe, COMECON †¢ Germany (especially Berlin (1945? 61)), Korea †¢ Stalin, Truman Past Essay Questions I. Origins of Cold War 1. ‘Ideological differences played little part in the origin of the Cold War. ’ How far do you agree with this judgment? (2000) 2. Assess the part played by differing ideologies in the origin of the Cold War. (2005) 3. â€Å"The Cold War was caused by fear, not aggression. To what extent does this view explain how the Cold War developed between 1945 and 1949? (2001) 4. To what extent did events in the final year of the Second World War turn wartime allies into Cold War enemies? (2004) 5. â€Å"An unnatural alliance that was bound to fall apart after the defeat of the common enemy. † To what extent does this statement explain the origin of the Cold War? (2006) 6. Analyse the origin of East-West rivalry and explain why it developed into the Cold War. (2008) I. Nature of Cold War 1. Assess the part played by differing ideologies in the origin of the Cold War. 2005) 2. Define ‘superpower rivalry’ and assess its importance in international politics since 1945. (2000) 3. In what ways, and for what reasons, did super-power rivalry dominate international politics between 1945 and 1961? (2002) 4. Analyse the origin of East-West rivalry and explain why it develop ed into the Cold War. (2008) 5. Also: the role and impact of alliances and diplomacy in the Cold War II. Development and impact 1. For what reasons, and with what effects, did social and cultural differences affect the origin and development of the Cold War? 2002) 2. Also: role and significance of Truman and/ or Stalin III. Material for detailed study 1. How, and to what extent, did the conferences at Yalta and Potsdam (1945) contribute to the origin of the Cold War? (2003) 2. For what reasons, and with what results, were there disagreements between participants at the conferences of Yalta and Potsdam in 1945? (2009) 3. For what reasons, and with what results, did the Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan affect Cold War development? (2008) 4.To what extent was Germany the cause of East/West disagreements between 1943 and 1963? (2000) 5. Analyze the role of Germany in the origin and development of the Cold War. (2002) 6. In what ways, and with what results, was Germany the key focus of the early stages of the Cold War? (2005) 7. Compare and contrast the policies of the USA and the USSR towards Korea between 1945 and 1955. (2004) 8. Also: NATO, Soviet policies, Sovietization of Central and Eastern Europe, COMECON, Stalin, Truman

Free Essays on Customs in China

Common Knowlege Everyday Eating Customs in China Here in the West, because of the popularity of Chinese restaurants, we have some idea (to a greater or lesser degree authentic) of the sorts of food to be found in China, and many people have mastered (to a greater or lesser degree) the use of chopsticks. But the experience of eating at even the least Americanized Chinese restaurant scarcely resembles the experience of sharing an everyday family meal. Eating at a restaurant, both in the States and in China, has more in common with attending a banquet, which involves deliberate reversals and amplifications of everyday Chinese customs and habits. Family Meals Though customs and the kinds of food eaten vary according to region, it is most common for Chinese families to gather for three meals a day. In some areas and at some times of the year, laborers may have only two full meals a day, but when possible, they supplement these with up to three smaller ones, often taken at tea houses. There is not, in general, the strong association we have in the West between the type of food and the time of day it should be served (say, eggs for breakfast, a sandwich for lunch, pot roast for dinner). The sorts of dishes served at the two or three main meals are pretty much the same. The goal in planning, however, is to provide a number of dishes at each meal, so that, rather than experiencing difference by comparison between one meal and the next, each meal includes, in itself, a satisfying array of elements. The Stuff of the Meal The center of the Chinese meal is fan, or grain. So much so, that the meal itself is called hsia fan, "a period of grain." In the South and among urban families in other areas, the fan may be rice or rice products, but rice is expensive, as is the wheat eaten in the North in the form of cooked whole grains, noodles, or bread. Depending on the region, then, less prosperous families might make their meals of millet, sorghu... Free Essays on Customs in China Free Essays on Customs in China Common Knowlege Everyday Eating Customs in China Here in the West, because of the popularity of Chinese restaurants, we have some idea (to a greater or lesser degree authentic) of the sorts of food to be found in China, and many people have mastered (to a greater or lesser degree) the use of chopsticks. But the experience of eating at even the least Americanized Chinese restaurant scarcely resembles the experience of sharing an everyday family meal. Eating at a restaurant, both in the States and in China, has more in common with attending a banquet, which involves deliberate reversals and amplifications of everyday Chinese customs and habits. Family Meals Though customs and the kinds of food eaten vary according to region, it is most common for Chinese families to gather for three meals a day. In some areas and at some times of the year, laborers may have only two full meals a day, but when possible, they supplement these with up to three smaller ones, often taken at tea houses. There is not, in general, the strong association we have in the West between the type of food and the time of day it should be served (say, eggs for breakfast, a sandwich for lunch, pot roast for dinner). The sorts of dishes served at the two or three main meals are pretty much the same. The goal in planning, however, is to provide a number of dishes at each meal, so that, rather than experiencing difference by comparison between one meal and the next, each meal includes, in itself, a satisfying array of elements. The Stuff of the Meal The center of the Chinese meal is fan, or grain. So much so, that the meal itself is called hsia fan, "a period of grain." In the South and among urban families in other areas, the fan may be rice or rice products, but rice is expensive, as is the wheat eaten in the North in the form of cooked whole grains, noodles, or bread. Depending on the region, then, less prosperous families might make their meals of millet, sorghu...

How Romeos feeling of love for Rosaline differs to his love for Juliet Essay Example

How Romeos feeling of love for Rosaline differs to his love for Juliet Essay Example How Romeos feeling of love for Rosaline differs to his love for Juliet Paper How Romeos feeling of love for Rosaline differs to his love for Juliet Paper Essay Topic: Romeo and Juliet Romeo and Juliet is a tragic love story written but William Shakespeare. The book was first published in 1597 and is well known by people all around the world. It is a play set in Italy, Verona in the 17th century. It is about ‘two star crossed lovers’ who fall in love at first sight. But they come from families, the Montague’s and the Capulet’s, who hate each other and know that they are not allowed to marry one another. Romeo and Juliet are so in love and truthful to each other, ‘as true as the stars above’, that they decide to have a secret marriage. However due to their families fighting, they both take their own lives for each other and to put a stop to the feud between their families. In this essay I will be comparing how Romeo’s feeling of love for Rosaline (Act 1 Scene 1) differs to his feelings for Juliet (Act 2 Scene 2). I will also be focusing on how Shakespeare uses language to convey Romeo’s feelings. â€Å"Alas, that love, whose view is muffled still† -1, 1, 171 Act 1 Scene 1 is about how Romeo drools over his unrequited love for Rosaline. Shakespeare starts off with a soliloquy with Romeo expressing his love for Rosaline by using Iambic Pentameter. Romeo is alone on stage expressing his thoughts using ‘earthy imagery’. Romeo spends most his time sighing over his depressing and virtually nonexistent love life. He looks very confused about his feelings for Rosaline. During the play, he seems very desperate (his love does not seem to make him as happy as it would for Juliet) and his love for her is very quick/ impulsive. The word muffled suggests that he is trying to cover his love for her. This is because the women he loves, has sworn to chastity and to be a nun. Although, during the play Romeo says ‘Should, without eyes, see pathways to his will’. This tells us that even though Rosaline has dedicated her life to her religion, he will find a way to get to her. This shows us that even though Romeo knows the truth about Rosaline, he still embraces his love for her. Shakespeare uses iambic pentameter as it affects how the rhythm of play flows. It also creates effect because it is a great way to put an emphasis on certain words such as love and muffled. This gives an indication to the audience of what is happening in the play. â€Å"Why, then, O brawling love! O loving hate!†- 1, 1, 176 Shakespeare has used oxymorons to convey Romeos emotions. He uses an oxymoron to show how confused he is about his love for Rosaline as Shakespeare emphasis things by combining two normally contradictory terms. Oxymoron’s can also be very effective because they are a figure of speech, intentionally used for rhetorical effect. This tells us that Shakespeare’s intention to show love, was that he wanted to make everything that Romeo says very dramatic and and make him seem desperate. The exclamation marks show his anger towards the situation he is in. As the word ‘brawling’ means to fight or quarrel in a rough or noisy way. I think that Romeo is implying that he is annoyed and wants to get away from all the ‘drama’ (as Romeo would want to describe it) happening in his life. As well as the use of oxymorons, he has also used Caesura which is a break or pause in the middle of a line. When it is read aloud it sounds as if someone is asking you a question. In this case caesura has being used when Romeo says ‘Why, Then,’ in the same way, if Shakespeare had used question marks it would have sounded very similar. ‘Why? Then?’. This creates an effect or Romeo questioning his love, although he does not realise it. Despite Romeos great declarations of love for Rosaline, Romeo learns to move on in Act 2 Scene 2 after falling in love with Juliet. Romeo’s love for Juliet compared to Rosaline is very real and his love for her has been given back especially because Rosaline is a long- lost memory at this point. With this, Rosaline is forgotten and Juliet becomes Romeos focal point. There is a major difference between the love of Romeo and Rosaline compared to Romeo and Juliet. â€Å"Arise, fair sun, and kill the envious moon†-2, 2, 4 Romeo expresses his love for Juliet using personification as well as metaphors. He describes Juliet as a ‘fair sun’ this tells us that she lights up his life like the sun and compares her to the ‘envious moon’ which is very pale. The line before this says ‘It is the east, and Juliet is the sun’. Shakespeare has deliberately structured it like this which shows us how much he cannot stress that he would not know what he would do without Juliet. This shows how much more meaning she has to him rather than Rosaline (his love for her could have been the ‘envious moon’). The use of metaphors in this particular line is effective because it gives Romeo a voice as he is so passionate because he finds it hard to describe Juliet. The use of personification creates an imaginative and philosophical effect. It also makes it very relatable. Another very important language technique used is long vowel sounds such as the word ‘arise’. It gives the effect that the Romeo wants to show everyone their love, but it is dragging as he cannot do that. â€Å"O, speak again, bright angel! For thou art†- 2, 2, 26 Romeo is trying to convey his love for her by calling her an ‘angel’. This suggests that she takes him away from all the bad memories. This could also mean that even when they die they will both be together in heaven. The word bright tells us that she stands out to him over anything else and he would do anything for her. As far as getting killed. The line after this says As glorious to this night, being oer my head. This tells us what Romeo thinks of Juliet, as glorious and as wonderful as her hear. Overall I think that Romeo and Juliet had a better connection because there was no spark between Romeo and Rosaline. Romeo portrays his love for Juliet as very easy. He seems to be much more comfortable with her compared to Rosaline as he can be himself around her and tell her anything even though they are from two completely different families who hate each other. He would even risk meeting her on her balcony even when he was risking his own life.

Pteranodon Facts and Figures

Pteranodon Facts and Figures Despite what many people think, there wasnt a single species of pterosaur called a pterodactyl. The pterodactyloids were actually a large suborder of avian reptiles that included such creatures as Pteranodon, Pterodactylus and the truly enormous Quetzalcoatlus, the largest winged animal in earths history; pterodactyloids were anatomically different from the earlier, smaller rhamphorhynchoid pterosaurs that dominated the Jurassic period. Wingspan of Close to 20 Feet Still, if theres one specific pterosaur that folks have in mind when they say pterodactyl, its Pteranodon. This large, late Cretaceous pterosaur attained wingspans of close to 20 feet, though its wings were made of skin rather than feathers; its other vaguely birdlike characteristics included (possibly) webbed feet and a toothless beak. Weirdly, the prominent, foot-long crest of Pteranodon males was actually part of its skulland may have functioned as a combination rudder and mating display. Pteranodon was only distantly related to prehistoric birds, which evolved not from pterosaurs but from small, feathered dinosaurs. Primarily a Glider Paleontologists arent certain exactly how, or how often, Pteranodon moved through the air. Most researchers believe this pterosaur was primarily a glider, though its not inconceivable that it actively flapped its wings every now and then, and the prominent crest on top of its head may (or may not) have helped stabilize it during flight. Theres also the distant possibility that Pteranodon took to the air only rarely, instead of spending most of its time stalking the ground on two feet, like the contemporary raptors and tyrannosaurs of its late Cretaceous North American habitat. Males Were Much Bigger Than Females There is only one valid species of Pteranodon, P. longiceps, the males of which were much bigger than the females (this sexual dimorphism may help to account for some of the early confusion about the number of Pteranodon species). We can tell that the smaller specimens are female because of their wide pelvic canals, a clear adaption for laying eggs, while the males had much bigger and more prominent crests, as well as larger wingspans of 18 feet (compared to about 12 feet for females). The Bone Wars Amusingly, Pteranodon figured prominently in the Bone Wars, the late 19th-century feud between the eminent American paleontologists Othniel C. Marsh and Edward Drinker Cope. Marsh had the honor of excavating the first undisputed Pteranodon fossil, in Kansas in 1870, but Cope followed soon afterward with discoveries in the same locality. The problem is, Marsh initially classified his Pteranodon specimen as a species of Pterodactylus, while Cope erected the new genus Ornithochirus, accidentally leaving out an all-important e (clearly, he had meant to lump his finds in with the already-named Ornithocheirus). By the time the dust had (literally) settled, Marsh emerged as the winner, and when he corrected his error vis-a-vis Pterodactylus, his new name Pteranodon was the one that stuck in the official pterosaur record books. Name: Pteranodon (Greek for toothless wing); pronounced teh-RAN-oh-don; often called the pterodactylHabitat: Shores of North AmericaHistorical Period: Late Cretaceous (85-75 million years ago)Size and Weight: Wingspan of 18 feet and 20-30 poundsDiet: FishDistinguishing Characteristics: Large wingspan; prominent crest on males; lack of teeth

Finance & Investment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Finance & Investment - Essay Example when the share is underpriced. The valuation model used to estimate the intrinsic value of a share is the present value model. Constant Growth Model is also known as Gordon’s Share Valuation model. It is assumed that dividends will grow at the same rate (g) into the indefinite future and that the discount rate (r) is greater than the dividend growth rate (g). The constant growth assumption may not be realistic in many situations. The growth is dividends may be at varying rates. In this model, the future time period is divided into two different growth segments such as the initial extraordinary growth period and the subsequent constant growth period. That is the flow from period 1 to N which will call V1, and the flow from period N+1 to infinity referred to as V2. Freehold property is an asset, the owners of such property require appropriate evidence about their ownership of the property. The freehold property is a fixed asset held by the owner itself. In this context, it is viewed that whenever the portion of assets increases, then the profitability of the company also goes on increasing. If there is an appreciation in assets, it will automatically lead to increases in profitability of the company as a whole; as a result, increase in profit leads to increase in dividend also. So, it is very clear that there is a direct relation between the increment of assets and thereby a corresponding increment of profits, and finally in dividend also. Moreover, whenever a person becomes the real owner of a freehold property, such a person has the right to undertake either to sell or to provide a lease of such property. â€Å"Taxpayers may seek to infer that the wording "holding investments" connotes passive ownership and argue that extensive personal involvement by the deceased/transferor in the business cannot be classed as "holding investment†. (SVM27580 - Share Valuation Manual: Business Property Relief and Agricultural Property Relief)

The efectivness of our court systems Research Paper

The efectivness of our court systems - Research Paper Example However not much ray of hope can be ascertained because one can encounter a number of problems left, right and center within these ranks and specifically within the United States of America. Within the domains of the United States, as statistics have proven, in 2006-07, adult criminal courts processed around 372,000 court cases which involved 1,080,000 charges. These figures were more or less unchanged as one compares the same with 2005-06. The number of cases that were termed as complete from the criminal justice domains was therefore slow but work was underway all the same. The delay process is so lengthy that a number of suitors find it hard to comply with the cases, asking them to drop the case and move on with life. The effectiveness of the court systems therefore takes a nosedive, and this is one aspect that must be properly understood before moving ahead any further (Vanhala, 2011). What is staggering to state the least is the fact that males are accused more than their female counterparts. United States has seen that around 78% of all involved were males while the remaining 16% were females within the adult criminal court cases, which saw an undisclosed 6% not naming the gender that was involved. How cases get processed within any court system in the world is something that one needs to properly comprehend and that too in a quick way (Clear, 2009). Bringing an accused to trial is one of the most significant pointers that one can think of when understanding the nuances linked with the court systems. Since this is a fundamental principle within a number of criminal justice systems of the United States courts (Kostulski, 2011). Whether or not the court systems are doing their jobs properly could easily be ascertained from the fact that there is immense disharmony within the related realms. The court systems need to be made tougher so that the offenders cannot take the entire criminal justice system for granted. United States needs to broaden the horizon th at surrounds the thinking of working along the court systems where the accused find more time than the party which has been hard done by. One can think of these regimes as being subverted due to the fact that the entire incorporation of the court systems has been ransacked as the ‘system’ metaphor is flawed. If stricter measures are ensured within the United States court systems, it will mean that the effectiveness of the same would be guaranteed to a greater extent than these are at the present. There would be less repeat offenders and such individuals would be discouraged before undertaking an offensive act which might ruin their reputation, careers or just about anything which is deemed as significant for their entirety (Apparicio, 2008). Stricter measures would ensure within United States that there is harsh compliance with the rules and laws of the land and the court systems would not go astray as far as the work realms of the court systems are concerned. There wou ld be immense significance on the way the United States courts are being held and the manner in which their work is being manifested, day in and day out. Within United States, the aspect of the punishments being harsher in this day and age holds a great amount of significance because

Open and Closed Source Systems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Open and Closed Source Systems - Essay Example Under each category there are many items / applications, for example, the application software include: Mozilla Firefox – a web browser, OpenOffice – an office suit, Eclipse – an integrated development environment, 7-zip – a file archiver or compressor etc. The operating systems include: the Linux, Android – a mobile OS, FreeBSD etc. Closed source software also known as proprietary software is computer software which is only available without source code and licensed under limited legal right as per provided by the copyright owner. The buyer of the propriety software is permitted to use the software having restrictions on modifications, redistribution, update / upgrade or reverse engineering and it is typically owned by a single organization. In other words, the proprietary software is the property of the owner / developer / publisher that cannot be copied or modified, with an appropriate price and need to comply the license agreement (National Taiwan University, 1991). There are several examples of Operating Systems including Microsoft Windows 7, Microsoft Server 2000, and Microsoft XP

-Select your favorite section in the orchestra (woodwinds, brass, Essay

-Select your favorite section in the orchestra (woodwinds, brass, percussion, strings) - Essay Example y with the players who are profoundly disposed to their craft with the wind and I love the practical aspect of the horns which in time have flexibly managed to create genres of passionate music. As such, the jazz, the soul, and even the reggae and ska would not have been able to do justice in their intended lyrical rhythms and peculiarity without the life and spirit of the horns or equivalent wind device. It is specifically notable to have recognized the art and sharp goodness of wind instrumentation upon listening to the songs â€Å"Nightbird† by Kalapana and the version of â€Å"Strangers in the Night† by E. Humperdinck as viewed at the London Palladium theatre. The woodwinds may be observed with spontaneity in portraying the necessary emotions drawn from these pieces that to the majority of the audience, they bear the impact of registering the essence and intensity of the stories conveyed to long-term

Ba financial Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Ba financial - Essay Example Liability products consist of checking and savings account, fixed deposits, certificate of deposits, etc. These products are by nature liabilities for banks as a result of which banks are obliged to pay interest to the customers for all these products. Except for checking accounts all other liability products provide interest to the customers. In short liability products are intended to raise fund for providing asset products. Asset products: Asset products are the revenue earning products for the banks because such products are by nature, assets for the banks. The most common asset products offered by banks are loans (personal and business), credit cards and mortgages. Among these, loans are the most revenue generating asset products of the banks. Banks use the funds raised through their liability products for providing liability products. Therefore, both asset and liability products are equally important for commercial banks. Two liability and asset products that will be discussed further in this essay are Savings account, Certificate of deposits, Mortgage loans and Credit cards. Savings account and Certificate of deposits: Savings account and Certificate of Deposits (CD) are the two main liability products of commercial banks. Savings account provides modest interest rates to the account holders of the bank. It is a very liquid form of asset to the customers as they provide withdrawal of amount at any point of time. Savings account is the primary source for commercial banks to raise money for lending. For the customers it provides a liquid asset with modest interest. A certificate of deposit provides higher interest rates than that of a savings account. CD is a promissory note issued by a bank that entitles the bearer to receive interest. Unlike savings account there is restriction on the withdrawal of funds from CD until the end of the term. For the customers, CD’s provide a safe and high interest bearing investment though it is less liquid. For the banks it provides a source of fund for longer period as early withdrawals by the customers are not entertained. Mortgage loans and credit cards: Mortgage loan is a secured loan provided by the banks to the customers. Such loans are secured by real assets of the customers. Therefore, for the banks the risk of loss is limited compared to usual unsecured loans. Mortgage loans usually bear less interest rate than unsecured loans. Such loans are mostly used by customer for acquiring properties, (residential and commercial). Credit card is growing to be one of the most revenue generating products for commercial banks. Credit card provides the customers with a line of credit which can be used by them to purchase goods or services. There is a credit limit attached to the card beyond which the customers are restricted to use. It provides the banks with revenue from annual card fee and interest on the purchases of not repaid within the billing period. Change in market interest rates and impac t on Asset products Change in the market interest rates will have a direct impact on the products of commercial banks. â€Å"A bank’s interest rate risk reflects the extend to which its financial condition is affected by changes in market interest rates.† (English, 2002) An increase in the market interest rates will have an adverse impact on the asset products of banks. Some of the main asset products of the banks are personal and business

Literature Review Are Wound Vacuum Devices Healing Wounds Essay

Literature Review Are Wound Vacuum Devices Healing Wounds - Essay Example VAC was even compared with the traditional WM dressing method and proved to heal better. This only proves that VAC is indeed a promising and faster way to heal wounds. The main purpose of this research is to look through the new way of wound healing. In the United States, over 2.8 million patients have chronic wounds and treatments cost billions of dollars per year. Wound healing is a complex process which starts with removal of debris, control of infection, clearance of inflammation, angiogenesis, deposition of granulation tissue, contraction, remodeling of the connective tissue matrix and maturation. This sequence of events should be undergone by the wound for proper healing whilst if it fails to undergo these events, a chronic open wound without anatomical or functional integrity results (Joseph, 2008). Chronic wounds should be healed at a faster rate in order to decrease hospitalization days and thereby reduce costs. A product which delivers improved healing process could help in decreasing infection, amputation and length of hospital stay thus entails potential annual savings for healthcare cost. The introduction of vacuum-assisted closure (VAC) which utilizes subatmospheric technique may be the answer in this medical challenge. In VAC, placing an open-cell foam dressing is involved. It is placed into the wound cavity and controlled subatmospheric pressure is applied. The technique was observed to remove chronic edema which increases local blood flow and enhanced formation of granulation tissue (Joseph, 2008). VAC applies negative pressure to wounds hence fluid is removed and growth of granulation tissue is stimulated. Acute, subacute and chronic wounds may be applied with VAC. Argenta, et al. have previously described the use of the VAC device to enhance healing and promote closure of a variety of open wounds FDA cleared VAC for clinical use. Frequent dressing changes which required when using WM, could be lessen by using VAC which requires dressing changes only every 48 hours (Joseph, 2008). Review of the Literature Senchenkov et al. (2007) conducted a study on the use of vacuum assisted closure (VAC) dressing for irradiated wounds. This study aimed to examine the outcomes of split-thickness skin grafts (STSG) secured by VAC during the early part of the postoperative period. Reviews were done on the records of 17 preoperatively radiated patients with extremity sarcomas that was reconstructed with STSGs combined with VAC to assess the efficiency of VAC in this purpose. Through January 1997 and December 2005, there have been 19 patients identified to base on their records to have undergone STSG reconstruction of irradiated extremity defects with VAC. These patients had soft tissue sarcomas. External beam radiation was used to treat the tumor bed and added with intraoperative radiation or brachytherapy. This was done before skin was grafted. Two of these patients however were excluded in the study because one had necrosis of the underlying irradiate muscle flaps while the other had 40% skin graft placed with epidermis which faced the recipients bed. This left 17 patients (9 men and 8 women, age 42 to 82, mean 65) to be

Ba financial Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Ba financial - Essay Example Liability products consist of checking and savings account, fixed deposits, certificate of deposits, etc. These products are by nature liabilities for banks as a result of which banks are obliged to pay interest to the customers for all these products. Except for checking accounts all other liability products provide interest to the customers. In short liability products are intended to raise fund for providing asset products. Asset products: Asset products are the revenue earning products for the banks because such products are by nature, assets for the banks. The most common asset products offered by banks are loans (personal and business), credit cards and mortgages. Among these, loans are the most revenue generating asset products of the banks. Banks use the funds raised through their liability products for providing liability products. Therefore, both asset and liability products are equally important for commercial banks. Two liability and asset products that will be discussed further in this essay are Savings account, Certificate of deposits, Mortgage loans and Credit cards. Savings account and Certificate of deposits: Savings account and Certificate of Deposits (CD) are the two main liability products of commercial banks. Savings account provides modest interest rates to the account holders of the bank. It is a very liquid form of asset to the customers as they provide withdrawal of amount at any point of time. Savings account is the primary source for commercial banks to raise money for lending. For the customers it provides a liquid asset with modest interest. A certificate of deposit provides higher interest rates than that of a savings account. CD is a promissory note issued by a bank that entitles the bearer to receive interest. Unlike savings account there is restriction on the withdrawal of funds from CD until the end of the term. For the customers, CD’s provide a safe and high interest bearing investment though it is less liquid. For the banks it provides a source of fund for longer period as early withdrawals by the customers are not entertained. Mortgage loans and credit cards: Mortgage loan is a secured loan provided by the banks to the customers. Such loans are secured by real assets of the customers. Therefore, for the banks the risk of loss is limited compared to usual unsecured loans. Mortgage loans usually bear less interest rate than unsecured loans. Such loans are mostly used by customer for acquiring properties, (residential and commercial). Credit card is growing to be one of the most revenue generating products for commercial banks. Credit card provides the customers with a line of credit which can be used by them to purchase goods or services. There is a credit limit attached to the card beyond which the customers are restricted to use. It provides the banks with revenue from annual card fee and interest on the purchases of not repaid within the billing period. Change in market interest rates and impac t on Asset products Change in the market interest rates will have a direct impact on the products of commercial banks. â€Å"A bank’s interest rate risk reflects the extend to which its financial condition is affected by changes in market interest rates.† (English, 2002) An increase in the market interest rates will have an adverse impact on the asset products of banks. Some of the main asset products of the banks are personal and business

Similar to Liberation Christology Essay Example for Free

Similar to Liberation Christology Essay Until recently, traditional Christian theology was interpreted only by white males. In a modern world things are changing. In her book Consider Jesus, Elizabeth Johnson states that women â€Å"are waking up to their own dignity and finding their own voice† (page 97). Despite the feminist theology movement that Johnson describes, sexism and male dominance is embedded in the culture of the Catholic Church. Women will have equal rights under canon law, the problem is â€Å"Time†, the same thought process of 100 years ago is still active in the Church today. Only when the new generations of clergy is in place can change come. When it comes to the Christological interpretation woman voices can strengthen the debate, but it will take many generations for the old establishment to give way to an equal gender hierarchy. This is a strong argument, because in order for the old establishment to change and accept women, women need to make an effort to actively work to reform the current hierarchy. Johnson describes feminist theology as â€Å"Faith†¦being reflected upon explicitly from the perspective and experience of women† (page 97). Similar to Liberation Christology, in which poor and oppressed have a unique theological interpretation, in feminist theology the dominated group is women who begin to take part in the debate from their unique perspective. There are two main categories of feminist theology. The first is revolutionary feminist theology. As the word revolutionary implies these groups of women are quite radical and completely disassociate themselves with tradition rather than trying to change the minds of the male dominated theology. They do not acknowledge a male deity; instead they worship a female God, a goddess. They do not dwell on Jesus Christ because he was male. Usually these women split from the church and form their own groups arguing that the church is hopelessly stuck in its patriarchal ways. Johnson does not place much importance on these revolutionary feminists because this group has cut themselves off from the Church. The second category of feminist theology is reformist feminist theology. These women share the belief with the revolutionary feminists that there is a â€Å"male-dominated character of the Christian tradition† (p98), but instead of separating from the church, they choose to work from the inside to â€Å"seek the dismantling of the patriarchy and equal justice† (page 98). This approach could be described as â€Å"you catch more flies with honey than you do with vinegar†. Reformists work passively within the church to create change, not trying to dominate but with a view of the earth as shared, where â€Å"the dream of a new heaven and a new earth takes hold†¦ with no one group dominating and no one group subordinated, but each person in his or her own right participating according to their gifts, without preconceived stereotyping, in genuine mutuality† (page 99). The revolutionary theologians approach will ultimately lead to change, because as women are becoming more accepted in positions of power and authority outside of the church, they will become more accepted inside the church. The number of women in post-secondary education and federal government is higher than ever before. These are positive changes, but this kind of change in the church is still years away. Women are half of the human race yet seem to be overlooked in most of human history. The traditional patriarchal structure has defined women’s status and position in society. Reformists hope is to transform this traditional belief that women are second class citizens when in fact they have been just as influential in social as well as in Christological history. Mary Magdalene, the â€Å"apostle to the apostles† (109) and the other women of the Bible are â€Å"given several times in the gospels but have become a forgotten part of the story† (109). How is it that they were so important back then, yet so left out of the debate today? Perhaps our evolution as a male-dominated society has spilled over into the church – woman by no fault of their own were not allow to attend school or a higher level after high school, this alone caused a gap for woman in the church. The bible was written and interpreted by males while woman were denied economic, legal, and educational rights, â€Å"A prejudice is the inability to deal with the otherness of people who are different from what is considered â€Å"oneself†. In patterns of androcentric thinking the male is centered. These samplings are what influences canon law and has shaped Catholic tradition†. (p100 101) The consequence of sexism for woman is a lack of self-esteem and self-confidence; for men it is a narrow band of human characteristics; strong, rational, in control. (p 102) If the sexism could stop, society as a whole could benefit.

Cheating Prevention in Multiplayer Online Games

Cheating Prevention in Multiplayer Online Games Shane Willcox Introduction One of the many modes within most games these days is playing with other players with Online Multiplayer. While most games have a multiplayer mode, some games are based and built for multiplayer. Multiplayer games are become extremely popular with millions of people playing them every day. Since Multiplayer games attract many players, there are always those people who go out of their way to find ways to cheat to gain advantages over others and sometimes ruin other player’s experiences playing against or with a cheater. Cheating in games have almost always been there right from the start, however cheats were single player only which is normally over looked as they only affect the game and the cheater and no one else, however with the evolution of gaming and multiplayer, cheating has spread to this type of gaming. Types of Cheating It can cost a company thousands to try and stop players that are using cheating methods by detecting and preventing them. (Yampolskiy(2008)). With Online multiplayer games there are many different types of cheats can be used if a game is not detecting and preventing cheats and can heavily damage the game and can receive complaints from the game’s community, some classes of cheats include: Reflex Augmentation which is using artificially intelligent (AI) computer assistant tools in order to perform actions that are faster than should be and also provides unfair precision humans could not possibly perform. For example the use of an aim-bot that can be used on some FPS’s (First Person Shooter) and aim-bots provide unfair precision on opponents giving the opponents no chance to react (Yampolskiy(2008)). Another is Authoritative Clients Utilizing meaning the hacking to altered commands (Yampolskiy(2008)). Information Exposure which getting access to hidden information. (Yampolskiy(2008)). On Example is a wall-hack which lets the cheat see through walls. Compromised Servers, which is the changing of game states at a server level. For Example using artificial lag (Yampolskiy(2008)). Exploits due to poor game design or overlooked features to take an unfair advantage within a certain game. For example in some Call of Duty games there are some map glitches which allows players to access parts of a multiplayer map that should not be able to be accessed, as well as game ruining glitches such as in Call of Duty Modern Warfare 2, there is an exploit that allowed players to get an unlimited amount of explosives that ruined most of the player’s experiences with explosives being insanely overpowered and unfair. Unfortunately there is a lot of cheating methods within the online community of games and some can impact players causing complains from fans and if the fans are reacting negatively that will undoubtable affect the game’s sales and cause the certain games to become unpopulated within the game’s servers as well as if the developers can fix and pervert the cheaters then the damage has already been done. One genre that can be affected by cheaters is FPSs. There reason for this is that FPS’s are some of the most popular games to be played online and their design can lead to cheats coming up with cheats that can gain advantage. One called a ‘wall-hack’ that lets the cheaters see enemies through game objects that should not be able to be seen through and therefore get can extreme advantage. However an aimbot is much more unfair. Aimbot and there Preventions An aimbot or aiming robot is essentially a type of tool that lets the user automatically lock on to the enemy players. This is done by having the aimbot gain prohibitive access to the internals of the game and gives the user the ability to acquire enemy targets instantly when the target is in a direct sight line (Yu(2012)) and sometimes even not user’s viewpoint even if game objects such as buildings and walls are in the game lets the players shoot through them, for example in the Call Of Duty or Battlefield series. This lets users to defeat targets with both speed and pinpoint accuracy even if the target is moving at high speed and human players are probably incapable of achieving this all the time, even if the player is extremely skilled with a game it is almost impossible. One method that could be used to detect aimbot behaviour is by having a Dynamic Bayesian network (DBN) model incorporated into the game’s system. The DBN shows different kinds of variables that can determine whether a player is a cheater and shows that they have detected them. Some variables that can be looked at is if the player is moving, if the target is moving, if the aiming direction of the player has changed, and the distance between the player and the aiming target. (Yeung (2006)). Using this model is known as a ‘first order Markov process’, which is the making of prediction from information from the present state. The process is implemented because aiming is a process which is heavily dependent on what is happening in real time since when a player aimed adjustments are needed to keep accuracy on point such as control of recoil (if any) and rate of fire(Yeung(2006)). So if the game using the DBN sees there is pattern from a player and there is enough evidence that a certain player is using an aim bot with the variables supported, then the game can detect that the player is indeed a cheater (Yeung (2006)). Also data could be inputted into the game to tell the game to compared the accuracy of a player that is highly skilled with the game and have that as a comparison to use on players and if there is a player that is exceed the accuracy every time then they could also be detected. Lag-Switches and there prevention Common cheats normally happen on a gaming level due to the design of the game and cheats that can affect the actual gameplay and not the network latency of players. However cheaters have found a way to affect the latency for players and gain an unfair advantage. Firstly however network latency is the delay that players have when there is a communication of data over a server or network. This happens with any type of online game as the data from the entered commands that the players input is sent to the server of the game and then has the action happen. However cheaters have found ways to cheat over a network. A lag switchis a smallEthernetdevice that is installed to ahome networkand is connected between the gaming device and the homenetwork routerwhich enables the user to insert delays to the flow of traffic which is local to the Internet and is not related to the network switches that are normal. Activing a lag switch makes device run on a set timer and this blocks all traffic between the gaming device and the Internet within that period which causes artificial lag. So when the user has the lag switch in action, to others they look as if they are either frozen in place however the user moves freely and can freely kill the enemy player. Some points of view of a lag switcher are that they moving normally and in fact the opposing team are frozen in place when in their line of site. When the timer stops, the gaming device will re-synchronize with theonline game. However for a user to use lag switch they must be the host of the game on a host based server that most games had or still have and if the user is using a lag switch in a team based mode, then the lag switchers team is normally unaffected by the artificial lag(Bradley(n./a)). Lag Switches can be found on many online games or modes, such as Counter Strike, Call of Duty, MOBA’s (Multiplayer Online Battle Arena’s) and many more. Since network cheating is sometimes much harder to fix than other common cheats, there sometimes more expensive ways to combat network cheats such. Ways that game developers can stop the usage of lag switching is to use a DBN model again to maybe check if the players have common lag spikes however there can be a problem because if the game is are banning all the players with lag strikes, then some players might just have poor internet and get banned for no reason. So one of the best implementations to combat lag switchers and lag based cheats, is to use dedicated servers. Dedicated servers can be used by game companies to allow players to have a fair networking environment as well as the developers having control of the host mechanisms with each server players are playing on. Dedicated servers are essentially servers that are run by the developers of the game and they basically act as a non-playing player as the players connect a server that has a stable connection and enables high bandwidth instead of players connecting to a host that could have terrible internet quality. Dedicated Servers can stop Lag switchers because a lag switch user normally has to be the host of the game for them to cheat and use the full effects of a lag switch. However dedicated servers can be very expensive to implement depending on the size and popularity of the game. More Cheating Preventions While the above talked about cheat preventions for some popular methods of cheating, there is still some other prevention that should always be looked in to. Developers should have built-in cheating detection systems for everything that could be affected by cheaters. This means that they can detect or find unusual activities, and produce alarms (Chen (2005)). Have a Reporting system within the game, so that if a player encounters a cheater, then the player can report them or maybe have a system in place that lets players kick cheaters during gameplay, however there would need to be another system to see if the player accused of cheating is actually cheating. If there is an exploit is reported, then the developers can put patches in the form of updates to fix the exploits. Conclusion Overall there are a many ways when it comes down to the prevention of cheating within online multiplayer. With there being many types of cheats such as Reflex Augmentation, Information Exposure, Compromised Servers and Exploits, there is cheating preventions that can help stop them. For Example to stop one of the biggest cheats in FPS’s, an aimbot can be prevented by using a DBN model incorporated into the game’s system by having the model look at certain variables of players to determine of their actions are legit and are capable of being done by a Human player. Then the developers can decide what to do with players who have been detected of cheating. While another example of cheating however over a network is lags switch that is a piece of equipment that causes artificial lag to games. The user of a lag switch makes the opposing players lag by either having the user seem like they have frozen or by having the opponents freeze in when they are in direct sight of the user. The most affect combatant against this is the usage of dedicated servers as they are the hosts for servers instead of players and lag switchers need to be the host of a game in order for them to take advantage of a lag switch. When you compare the methods of using prevention on network cheating and game cheating, they are both very different because of each having different factors that the developers have to take into consideration, however they both can work to together to overcome the goal of prevention. This because with dedicated servers, since you can have the developers monitor the servers since the developers have full control of the host of each server and this gets rid of lag switches. References Yampolskiy, R.V. Yampolskiy, R.V. 2008, Detecting and Controlling Cheating in Online Poker, IEEE CCP, , pp. 848. Yu, S., Hammerla, N., Yan, J. Andras, P. 2012, A statistical aimbot detection method for online FPS games, IEEE, , pp. 1. Yeung, S.F., Lui, J.C.S., Liu, J. Yan, J. 2006, Detecting cheaters for multiplayer games: theory, design and implementation, , pp. 1178 Bradley, M., N/A, â€Å"What Is A Lag Switch?† http://compnetworking.about.com/od/consumerelectronicsnetworks/f/lag_switches.htm Chen, Y., Hwang, J., Song, R., Yee, G. Korba, L. 2005, Online gaming cheating and security issue, , pp. 518.

Alzheimers Disease Essay -- Alzheimers Disease Essays

Alzheimer's Disease is a condition that affects 50% of the population over the age of eighty five, which equals four million Americans each year. It is becoming an important and high-profile issue in today's society for everyone. There are rapid advancements being made in the fight against this disease now more than ever, and the purpose of this essay is to educate the public on the background as well as the new discoveries. There are many new drugs that are being tested and studied every day which slow down, and may even halt the progress of the disease. In explaining this debilitating disease, it seems there are certain major areas that need to be addressed such as the history of the disease, the symptoms and diagnosis, as well as the emotional and physical cost to the patient and to the family. The definition of the illness seems to be unclear for many because the disease is so unpredictable. Until recently a precise definition of the disease was unavailable due to the difficulty in diagnosis. It is fairly complex, and despite many new breakthroughs it still remains impossible to diagnose a patient with certainty. A great deal of this is because the only exact diagnosis made is after a post-mortem brain examination. Alzheimer's Disease is the most overdiagnosed and misdiagnosed mental disorder in older adults because it is often decided only by ruling out all other possibilities such as dementias caused by medications, strokes, depression and other neurological disorders. However with new research in detection and prevention, a clear explication is now attainable for the public. Alzheimer's Disease is defined as "A dementing disorder marked by certain brain changes, regardless of the age of onset, that leads to the loss... ...eases-and-Disorders/Nervous-System-Diseases/ Central-Nervous-System-Diseases/Brain-Diseases/Alzheimer's Disease.html 11. http://moe.csa.com/alzintro.html    Sources:    Text    Advances In Alzheimer's Research Spring 2004, Vol.1, Number 1 Hager, Mary and Peyser, Marc, "Battling Alzheimer's", Newsweek, March 24, 2004, p.66 Websites    1. http://www.kcc.com.msu.edu/CAI/Pathology/Degen_F/Degen_2a.html Date visited: March 28, 2009 2. gopher://gopher.nimh.hih.gov/00/documents/nimh/other/alzh Date visited: March 25, 2009 3. http://www.cais.com/adear/nianews11.html Date visited: March 28, 2009 4. tornado.einet.net:8000/galaxy/medicine/Diseases-and- Disorders/Nervous-System-Diseases/Central-Nervous-System-Diseases/Brain-Diseases/Alzheimer's Disease.html Date visited: March 28. 2009 5. http://moe.csa.com/alzintro.html Date visited: April 30, 2009

Allen Ginsberg Essay -- Biography Bio Poet

Allen Ginsberg, Covert Patriot Allen Ginsberg is, without a doubt, most famous for his poem "Howl" which he published in October of 1956 through City Lights Books in San Francisco. "Howl", like much of his other poetry, is an intensely personal and also very complex poetic expression lacking rhyme and, to many people, also lacking reason. In actuality, however, "Howl" serves as an autobiographical sketch and it acts, in some ways, as a precursor to his lesser known poem from the same publication, "America," which is his final articulation of his love for his country and his disillusionment with its current state of affairs. Together, both of these poems form a culmination (as of 1956) of the journals he had been keeping throughout his life and are the final "howl" of the simultaneous love and discontent with his situation as well as that of his country. Through "Howl" and "America" Ginsberg is expressing his disillusionment with American culture and his own life by retelling his own life experiences; however, he i s also demonstrating a love of America and American culture that he has held throughout his life and which he, finally, was able to put down in poetic verse in his compilation Howl and Other Poems. From a very early age, Ginsberg's life was chaotic, and that, in turn, produced a disenchanted view of society. His parents were both extremely politically active and were not in political agreement. As a result politics was a subject to which he became accustomed rather early because his mother, Naomi, was a member of the Communist part and his father, Louis, was a Democratic Socialist (Miles 6). Naomi and Louis fought often about politics and the situation, no doubt, left Ginsberg both passionate and confused about poli... ...sberg as a cynic, it is crucial to remember that, both as a poet and as a person, he is much more complex, as is his view of the country. Ginsberg was not anti-American, he loved a great deal about America and felt awful about its situation in the 1950s. Ginsberg was simply another man who wanted change. References Caveney, Graham. Screaming with Joy: the Life of Allen Ginsberg. New York: Broadway Books, 1999. Foster, Edward Halsey. Understanding the Beats. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 1992. Ginsberg, Allen. Howl and Other Poems. 57th printing San Francisco: City Light Books, 2001. ---. Journals Mid-Fifties 1954-1958. Gordon, Ball Ed. New York: HarperCollins Publishers, 1995. Merrill, Thomas F. Allen Ginsberg: Revised Edition. Boston: G.K. Hall & Co., 1988. Miles, Barry. Ginsberg: A Biography. London: Virgin Publishing Ltd., 2000.

In songs of innocence and experience William Blake reveals the contrary states of human existence

William Blake was a madman. This is what many people believed and still do today. After all he claimed to have visions of angels and he thought himself to be a prophet. However, could someone so mad make poems full of ingenious sense? Is it possible for someone who was happily married with such creativity and artistic talent to be crazy? To determine whether Blake's sanity stayed firmly with him throughout his life, we can study his background and analyse the deeper meanings lodged within his poetry, in 17 of his poems from Songs of Innocence and Experience. ‘Without contraries is no progression', Blake summed up in this one quotation what he was trying to say in all of his poems; that opposites: ‘Attraction, Repulsion, Reason, Energy, Love, Hate' are partners in the structure of ‘Human Existence' hence the title ‘The marriage of Heaven and hell'. Blake's background plays a large part in why he was the way he was, so it is important to cover his background as well and not just what he managed to put in the form of a poem on paper. So, Blake had little money and certainly lived a poverty stricken life throughout his childhood (him and his other brother and sister). The impression is given through research of the illustrious writer's background, that he was religious from a very young age as he was born in 1757 which was still, of course, a very religious time and at the age of just 4 he claimed to have received a vision of God's head in a window. Blake only had a sister called Catherine after his brother, Richard Blake, died in infancy in 1762 and John Blake also died in infancy; until Robert Blake was born (who later went on to die at the age of 21) in 1767 which is also when William's father had recognised what a talent he had for drawing and so Blake was sent to a drawing school. Wanting a good income for his son, Blake's father arranged for Blake to be an apprentice to an engraver, called Basire. He spent 7 years there learning the arts of: engraving, etching, stippling and copying. When he was twenty one he became a professional engraver and met his future wife, Catherine Boucher. He stayed with her for the rest of his life. His other achievements apart from his poems were his paintings, poetical and political sketches, books and engrave. This picture was painted by Blake in 1805 with water colours as well as pen. It is called, ‘The River of life' and shows the experienced and innocent swimming and wading through the river of life. Also the golden sunset on the horizon appears to be the destination and it is like a guiding light, offering hope and almost suggesting it is heaven as Blake was very religious and it does lie at the end of the river. The two tall figures at either side of the picture are holding pipes and playing a tune on them which goes back to Blake's poem, in Songs of Innocence ‘Introduction'. The ‘Introduction' to Songs of Innocence is showing how Innocence needs Experience and is led by experience. Introduction Piping down the valleys wild Piping songs of pleasant glee On a cloud I saw a child. And he laughing said to me. Pipe a song about a Lamb: So I piped with merry chear, Piper pipe that song again — So I piped, he wept to hear. Drop thy pipe thy happy pipe Sing thy songs of happy chear, So I sung the same again while he wept with joy to hear. Piper sit thee down and write In a book that all may read — So he vanish'd from my sight, And I pluck'd a hollow reed. And I made a rural pen, And I stain'd the water clear, And I wrote my happy songs Every child may joy to hear The repetition of pipe and piper gives the poem an uplifting feel because of the imagery that it provokes in your mind (a tune being piped). This kind of youthful happy imagery is used in many of the poems to put across the carefree, naà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ve days that come with childhood. However the piper, being older, represents experience or so you would think and yet it is the little boy who cries to hear the song; if the boy is innocent and has no experience how could he know sadness that comes with experience. Blake was right that you need opposites because after all you cannot balance anything if it is one sided; hence the irony of the boy having experience and innocence. I think that Blake has chosen to make the Songs of Innocence poems happier on a whole because he had such an unhappy childhood as many of his brothers died then and re-wrote the jolly childhood that he missed out on. I also think that the Songs of Experience poems are less pleasant because Blake stated to see the world in an abstract way and was less naà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ve when he was older and he noticed more of the bad things in the world for example, in his descriptive poem of London where he spent lot of time (as well as in the countryside). London was also the subject of a poem by William Wordsworth but it portrayed a contrasting view to Blake's, many say this was because Blake became bitter. London I wander through each chartered street Near where the chartered Thames does flow, And mark in every face I meet Marks of weakness, marks of woe. In every cry of every man, In every infant's cry of fear, In every voice, in every ban, The mind-forged manacles I hear – How the chimney-sweeper's cry Every black'ning church appals, And the hapless soldier's sigh Runs in blood down palace walls; But most through midnight streets I hear How youthful harlot's curse Blasts the new-born infant's tear, And blights with plagues the marriage-hearse. This poem portrays a very sinister London which he appears to have experienced in detail as he says in the 1st line ‘each chartered street †¦..where the chartered Thames does flow', implying that he has been down the same streets many times before being that chartered means somewhere that has already been discovered or found. The repetition of ‘every' in the 2nd stanza, ‘In every cry of every man, In every infant's cry of fear, In every voice, in every ban,' emphasizes the monotonous, repetition in every one of his days. As he is talking about ‘mind-forged manacles' as well, it is like he is saying that no-one escapes as even the innocent are touched by experience; for example, ‘In every infant's cry of fear' Blake could hear experience trapping them. The world was far from perfect in Blake's day and still is today, but that didn't stop Blake; in a perfect world, people would be able to do anything and not be restricted by rules of law or physics, which is what Blake wanted; this was because Blake was a Romanticist. Romanticism characterized many works of literature, paintings, music, architecture, criticism in Western civilization over a period from the late 18th to the mid-19th century. Romanticism is often seen as the rejection of the rules of order, calm, harmony, balance, idealization, and rationality that epitomised Classicism in general. This is why he was opposed to the enlightenment period and the reason and illusory science that came with it. In Songs of Innocence, Blake endeavoured to make the world a better and happier place in his eyes by giving a distinctive naà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ve view to the poems. The poems were striking in the 18th century and even more so today, but Blake in his time was seen as a unique thinker because he could look at the world differently to everyone almost in an abstract way which appealled to citezens of London and England (although mainly the radical thinkers he surrounded himself with e.g. Thomas Paine who he also wrote some political sketches with). Songs of Innocence and Experience are some of his most infuencial linguistic works of art, how ever it was the poem ‘London' which influenced L.S. Lowry to draw his infamous match stick people outside of a industrial building all walking around and that was written over 100 years prior.

A make up artist job

The job of a make-up artist is my lifelong ambition. Since early childhood, I was impressed with the mysterious world of stage and cinema and eager to make a contribution to the sphere. I believe that make-up artists are making a great deal to make artists’ appearance before cameras intriguing and appealing. There are also a number of things about the career that appeal to me at this point. First, it involves communication with people. As make-up artists work with movie stars, television hosts, and theatre actors, this means communication with interesting, talented people who bring their gifts to stage presentations. As someone fascinated with the artistic world, I am eager to foster relationships in it that can turn into lasting friendships. Contributing to their looks on the screen and on stage, I can become an important person in their lives and one to whom they turn for support and advice. Second, I like the creativity of the job. A human face can appear to the world in such a distinct variety of looks that it is really breath-taking to imagine. The make-up artist can use one’s innate ability to add a new touch to anybody’s face, making it more or less impressive. I am excited to learn ways to present the same face from a different standpoint, demonstrating its different aspects and qualities. I believe that there is great opportunity to use one’s creative abilities in this kind of job. Since I am always booming with ideas, I feel that a job of such kind is right for me. Third, it is very important that this job relates to human beauty. Personally, I sometimes admire how good-looking people can be. People are so different, and the make-up artist’s job is to bring out their individuality, underscoring their most appealing qualities. Working on the human face is so exciting because, no matter how trite this phrase seems, the face is the mirror of the soul and is thus the most important part of appearance. Trying to reveal the beauty of the human face is very exciting, especially when one works with a face that does not fit into social beauty standards. I would be especially thrilled to work on such faces, attempting to show the world the inner beauty of these people. I also enjoy the technical part of the profession and its various challenges. I know that I will have to gain a thorough understanding of technical issues involved and details of the photographic process, shooting, colors, special effects, and the like. I am really interested in seeing all these details in work and gain a thorough understanding of them. When I finish the make up artist school, I intend to seek a job, perhaps on television or in the movie industry. This is my first choice because I believe that a make-up artist has a lot to do in those areas. This work is going to be creative and offer opportunities for self-development. I would love to secure a permanent job with a film-making company or a TV channel. I understand that it may be unrealistic at some point and therefore am prepared to deal with assignments on a contract basis, offering my services to different companies for temporary projects. I hope that over time, as my experience increases, I will obtain access to interesting projects with attractive compensation. Preparing make-up for a well-known movie would be the pinnacle of my career. To attain this goal, I plan to do a lot of networking in the industry and related trade bodies and associations. In this way, I can increase my participation in the industry and foster good connections. I would also love to find a mentor who can guide me through the intricacies of the profession. This is why I would gladly accept an assistant position as my first job. I hope that with due effort, a career in this industry can become a reality for me. Â   Â